{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1762044926299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":226,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD10658","R01MH110186","R01MH087118","T32AI070114","T32AI007384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD10658","R01MH110186","R01MH087118","T32AI070114","T32AI007384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence is a critical period when youth develop their decision-making skills and may engage in their first sexual encounters. Stress during this time can affect decision making; however, limited research has examined the relationship between biological stress correlates and sexual behavior among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in high-HIV incidence areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether stress-responsive biomarkers are longitudinally associated with sexual behaviors that are predictive of HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from a cohort of 897 AGYW nested within the HIV Prevention Trials 068 study in rural South Africa. Stress-responsive biomarkers were tested retrospectively from enrollment: C-reactive protein (CRP), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) antibody titers, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers. We estimated the longitudinal associations between each biomarker (2011-2012) and each behavior throughout follow-up (2011-2019; transactional sex, age-disparate partnerships, multiple partners, and condomless sex).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At enrollment, 25.4% (n\u2009=\u2009228) had ever had sex, 7.0% (n\u2009=\u200963) had &amp;gt;1 partner, 7.9% (n\u2009=\u200971) had recent condomless sex, and 3.0% (n\u2009=\u200927) reported transactional sex. Compared to low CRP levels, medium and high CRP levels were associated with having an older partner (RR: 1.41 [95% CI, 1.08-1.84]; RR: 1.33 [95% CI, 1.02-1.74], respectively) and with condomless sex (RR: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.10-1.77]; RR: 1.42 [95% CI, 1.12-1.80], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher CRP levels were longitudinally associated with age-disparate relationships and condomless sex. Inflammation may increase AGYW\u2019s engagement in these behaviors; however, future studies should examine whether there is a stress-inflammation-sexual behavior pathway, and if so, evaluate stress-reduction interventions to promote sexual well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaf060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T07:50:32Z","timestamp":1750492232000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress-responsive biomarkers and sexual behaviors among young women in rural South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1061-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole K","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, 92093,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, 27599,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie C D","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Global Health Imperative, RTI International , Berkeley, CA, 94704,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaya","family":"Mall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2193,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2005-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2193,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, 8000,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesc Xavier","family":"G\u00f3mez-Oliv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2193,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Danielle","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Global Health Imperative, RTI International , Berkeley, CA, 94704,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison E","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY, 10032,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2193,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey E","family":"Pettifor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC, 27599,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"SAMRC\/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, 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