{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:51:40Z","timestamp":1789869100039,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":146,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Europe Leuven Strategic Alliance","award":["CELSA\/24\/019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CELSA\/24\/019"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office\u2014NKFIH","award":["138935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["138935"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both sleep and physical activity (PA) are essential for health. Previous studies found inconsistent effects of PA, including evening PA (EPA), on sleep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of PA and its timing on objectively and subjectively measured sleep in predominantly healthy, young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Budapest Sleep, Experiences and Traits Study, a highly ecologically valid multiday observational study, 267 participants tracked their natural sleep and reported PA for at least 1 week, including mobile electroencephalography recordings. We estimated the effects of PA and its timing, quantifying it as the time elapsed between activity initiation and sleep onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings showed no substantial main effect of PA on sleep (all P\u2009\u2265\u2009.19). However, PA temporally close to sleep had a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-suppressing effect: each additional hour between PA and sleep onset decreased REM latency by 1.8\u2009minutes (B\u2009=\u2009\u22121.82, SE\u2009=\u20090.58, P\u2009=\u2009.002) and increased REM percentage by 0.30 percentage points (B\u2009=\u20090.30, SE\u2009=\u20090.11, P\u2009=\u2009.008), but no other timing effect was found. Results were robust across multiple analytical specifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results support neither a general sleep-promoting effect of PA nor a sleep-suppressing effect of EPA and suggest that for healthy young individuals, habitual, relatively low-intensity EPA is safe to perform and is a good alternative for those whose daily schedule permits no alternative timing, although the lack of detailed exercise intensity monitoring is a limitation of our study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaag025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:38:19Z","timestamp":1778067499000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of physical activity on sleep in an ecologically valid design"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1060-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e1ra","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University , Nagyvarad ter 4. , Budapest H-1089,","place":["Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"B\u00f3dizs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University , Nagyvarad ter 4. , Budapest H-1089,","place":["Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6880-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter Przemyslaw","family":"Ujma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University , Nagyvarad ter 4. , Budapest H-1089,","place":["Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051351","article-title":"Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence","volume":"174","author":"Warburton","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00048","article-title":"Exercise effects on sleep physiology","volume":"3","author":"Uchida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535040-00004","article-title":"Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training","volume":"35","author":"Kraemer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1586\/17446651.1.6.783","article-title":"Stress and the neuroendocrine system: the role of exercise as a stressor and modifier of stress","volume":"1","author":"Hackney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026090813161523300_kaag025-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199621040-00004","article-title":"The effects of acute and chronic exercise on sleep. 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