{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:45:31Z","timestamp":1791755131763,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and University","award":["PRIN 2022: 2022EL4MPH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022: 2022EL4MPH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects parasympathetic regulation and is typically associated with better health outcomes. However, minoritized populations, particularly African Americans, show a paradoxical pattern of higher resting HRV despite greater cardiovascular risk, a phenomenon known as the Cardiovascular Conundrum. Discrimination has been proposed as a key mechanism, but evidence remains fragmented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present meta-analysis quantified HRV in relation to discrimination across 3 domains: (1) resting HRV differences between minoritized and majority groups, (2) HRV reactivity to discrimination-related tasks, and (3) the association between perceived discrimination and resting HRV. A systematic search yielded 40 articles comprising 52 independent studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minoritized groups showed higher resting HRV than majority groups (g\u2009=\u2009.22, P &amp;lt; .001), as well as acute HRV reductions during discrimination-related tasks (g\u2009=\u2009\u2212.17, P\u2009=\u2009.04), and lower resting HRV associated with greater perceived discrimination (g\u2009=\u2009\u2212.19, P\u2009=\u2009.006). Evidence of publication bias emerged only for the latter meta-analysis. No significant moderators emerged to explain the substantial heterogeneity, with the exception of the type of HRV measure used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that discrimination may become biologically embedded through acute vagal withdrawal during discriminatory events, a cumulative reduction in HRV associated with perceived discrimination, and a paradoxical elevation of resting HRV indicative of chronic compensatory regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaag058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:20:00Z","timestamp":1788520800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The physiological cost of coping: a systematic review and meta-analysis on discrimination and heart rate variability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Salvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00185,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bomarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00185,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorenzo","family":"Laghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00185,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian F","family":"Thayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Baiocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00185,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ottaviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00185,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"LIFE Institute for Research and Health Care, Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome 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