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These antibodies arise from unique B cell clones and demonstrate extensive cross-reactivity through their interaction with P. falciparum RIFINs. LAIR1 and LILRBs are specialized type I transmembrane glycoproteins, classified as immune inhibitory receptors, restricted to primates and mainly found on hematopoietic cells. They are instrumental in modulating interactions within the tumor microenvironment and across the immune system, and are increasingly recognized as important in anti-cancer immunotherapy and pathogen defense. The presence of LAIR1\/LILRB1-containing antibodies offers new insights into malaria parasite evasion strategies and the immune system\u2019s response. Additionally, the innovative method of integrating extra exons into the antibody switch region is a noteworthy advancement, enriching the strategies for the generation of a varied array of bispecific and multispecific antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbae008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T01:53:51Z","timestamp":1716256431000},"page":"157-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new mechanism of antibody diversity: formation of the natural antibodies containing LAIR1 and LILRB1 extracellular domains"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3627-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases , Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, , Xiamen 361102 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Xiamen 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