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Visual impairment was defined as vision worse than 20\/40, hearing impairment as pure-tone average thresholds &amp;gt;25\u00a0dB. Associations were tested using linear mixed-effects regressions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1,383 participants, 293 had visual impairment, 990 had a hearing impairment and 251 had both deficits. In fully adjusted models, low visual acuity was associated with poorer Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.29) and Trail-Making Test Part B (Trails B; \u03b2\u2009=\u200913.22) performance, and with faster declines in MMSE (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12) and Trails B (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.84). The combination of low visual and low hearing acuity was associated with poorer MMSE (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.44) and Trails B (\u03b2\u2009=\u200911.20) scores, and with faster declines in MMSE (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19), Trails B (\u03b2\u2009=\u20093.50), and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT; \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14) performance. Associations were similar in men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impairments in both vision and hearing are associated with a more rapid decline in cognitive function with aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T15:21:04Z","timestamp":1607959264000},"page":"1268-1276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and age-related cognitive decline in older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Humberto","family":"Parada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail A","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances R","family":"Nedjat-Haiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda K","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref1","volume-title":"Vision Health Initiative: Basics of Vision and Eye Health","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref2","volume-title":"Vision and Aging Resources","author":"National Eye Institute","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.10.020","article-title":"Aging and vision","volume":"51","author":"Owsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref4","volume-title":"Age-Related Hearing Loss","author":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.506","article-title":"Hearing loss prevalence in the United States","volume":"171","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly244","article-title":"Vision impairment and cognitive outcomes in older adults: the health ABC study","volume":"74","author":"Swenor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25196","article-title":"Reduced contrast sensitivity among older women is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment","volume":"83","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2021063014063032400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.2513","article-title":"Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Loughrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol - 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