{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:48:48Z","timestamp":1791946128166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRC\/1108\/2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/1108\/2007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Biomedical Research Council","award":["08\/1\/21\/19\/567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08\/1\/21\/19\/567"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ad hoc approaches are used to create composite indexes of intrinsic capacity (IC) based on five domains recommended by the World Health Organization for healthy ageing. We examined how combinations of domain-specific measures determine measurement performances of composite IC indexes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>in this population-based prospective cohort study, community-dwelling older persons (N\u2009=\u20092,906) aged 55 years and above were recruited. We used 12 domain-specific measures: cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), psychological (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS), locomotion (Timed Up-and Go [TUG], GV, Knee Extension Strength, Performance Orientated Mobility Assessment), sensory (logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution [LogMAR] vision and Whisper Test hearing) and vitality (forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0second pulmonary function, Elderly Nutritional Indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment [ENIGMA], Nutritional Screening Initiative) to derive 144 composite 2- to 5-domain functional health indexes (FHI), and evaluated their abilities to predict 9-year mortality and their associations with health determinants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>with 5-domain FHI, TUG, logMAR and MMSE showed the largest factor loadings (0.65\u20130.75). All single-domain FHI were significantly associated with mortality risks. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of mortality prediction increased with the number of domains (from mean 0.615 for single-domain FHI to mean 0.705 for 5-domain FHI), but the difference between 3-domain versus 4-domain FHI (P\u2009=\u20090.082) or versus 5-domain FHI (P\u2009=\u20090.109) was not statistically significant. Highest AUCs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) of best performing FHI were single-domain TUG: 0.735; 2-domain TUG\u2009+\u2009ENIGMA: 0.743; 3-domain TUG\u2009+\u2009LogMAR\u2009+\u2009ENIGMA: 0.762; 4-domain TUG\u2009+\u2009MMSE\u2009+\u2009LogMAR\u2009+\u2009ENIGMA: 0.757; 5-domain TUG\u2009+\u2009MMSE\u2009+\u2009GDS\u2009+\u2009LogMAR\u2009+\u2009ENIGMA: 0.751. FHI showed excellent construct validity based on correlations with known health determinants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>among Singaporean older adults, cognition, sensory and locomotion are predominant IC domains. A multi-domain IC index performs better with more domain measures, but a minimalist 3-domain index performs just as robustly as a 4- or 5-domain index.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T12:11:16Z","timestamp":1641903076000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Functional health index of intrinsic capacity: multi-domain operationalisation and validation in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS2)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Chin Yee","family":"Cheong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma Shwe Zin","family":"Nyunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Gwee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiou Liang","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng Bee","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze Pin","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref1","volume-title":"World Report on Ageing and Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref2","volume-title":"WHO Clinical Consortium on Healthy Ageing Topic Focus: Frailty and Intrinsic Capacity","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref3","volume-title":"Operationalising the Concept of Intrinsic Capacity in Clinical Settings","author":"Araujo De Carvalho","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00133","article-title":"Frailty and intrinsic capacity: two distinct but related constructs","volume":"6","author":"Belloni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evidence for the domains supporting the construct of intrinsic capacity","volume":"00","author":"Cesari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026119","article-title":"The structure and predictive value of intrinsic capacity in a longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"9","author":"Beard","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2022030118385935400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1503-4","article-title":"In the quest of a standard index of intrinsic capacity. 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