{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:40:32Z","timestamp":1790732432827,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Parkinson UK","award":["K-1801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K-1801"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000377","name":"Dunhill Medical Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG1711_16 12\/127\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG1711_16 12\/127\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>non-motor symptoms such as bladder dysfunction are common (80%) in people with Parkinson\u2019s increasing the risk for falls with a negative impact on health-related costs and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We undertook STARTUP to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of using an adhesive electrode to stimulate the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) to treat bladder dysfunction in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study design, materials and methods: STARTUP was a parallel two-arm, multi-centre, pragmatic, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Each participant attended one clinic visit to complete consent, be randomised using a computer-generated system and to be shown how to use the device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The trial had two co-primary outcome measures: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). These were completed at baseline, 6 and 12\u00a0weeks. A bladder frequency chart and resource questionnaire were also completed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>two hundred forty two participants were randomised. About 59% of participants were male, the mean age was 69\u00a0years and mean time since diagnosis was 6\u00a0years. Questionnaire return rate was between 79 and 90%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>There was a statistically significantly lower score in the active group at 6\u00a0weeks in the IPSS questionnaire (mean difference (Standard deviation, SD) 12.5 (6.5) vs 10.9 (5.5), effect size \u22121.49, 95% CI \u22122.72, \u22120.25). There was no statistically significant change in any other outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TTNS was demonstrated to be safe with a high level of compliance. There was a significant change in one of the co-primary outcome measures at the end of the treatment period (i.e. 6\u00a0weeks), which could indicate a benefit. Further fully powered RCTs are required to determine effective treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T17:01:30Z","timestamp":1655312490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Stimulation of the tibial nerve\u2014a randomised trial for urinary problems associated with Parkinson\u2019s\u2014the STARTUP trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Doreen","family":"McClurg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP RU , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Elders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP RU , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP RU 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0QJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Deane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Sciences , University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Harari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s & St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , SE1 7EH, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalesh","family":"Panicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , WC1E 6BT, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP RU , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceri","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP RU , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061517005201900_ref1","article-title":"Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2011","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsons 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