{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:18:47Z","timestamp":1789640327427,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) is strongly associated with increasing age. Twenty five percent of women over 80 years of age have clinically significant symptoms in population surveys, but prevalence is as high as 70% in older hospital in-patients and residents of care homes with nursing. UI substantially affects quality of life and well-being, and generates significant economic burden for health and social care. Sadly, UI is considered as taboo by society, leading to isolation, depression and reluctance to seek help. As with all aspects of care of older people, a multi-modal approach to assessment and management is needed. Key to effective management of incontinence is recognition. As a minimum, clinicians should actively ask patients about continence, especially in older adults living with frailty. Careful evaluation and establishment of any underpinning diagnosis and aetiological factors requires comprehensive, multimodal, usually multidisciplinary, assessment. A lack of awareness of the problem and what can be done about it exists in both laypeople and clinicians, this needs correcting. An interdisciplinary approach to research and management must be the way into the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T23:03:25Z","timestamp":1662937405000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Promoting continence in older people"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Schl\u00f6gl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine , Clinic Barmelweid, Barmelweid, Switzerland"},{"name":"University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care , City Hospital Waid Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H","family":"Umbehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , City Hospital Triemli of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1353-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Hamza","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital , Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam L","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham School of Medicine , Nottingham, UK, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands (ARC-EM), Nottingham, UK and University of Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences , University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1543263","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence","volume":"22","author":"Milsom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-007-0505-3","article-title":"Psychosocial and societal burden of incontinence in the aged population: a review","volume":"277","author":"Farage","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(09)70038-8","article-title":"Urinary incontinence is associated with an increase in falls: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Chiarelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-509","article-title":"Identifying continence options after stroke (ICONS): a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial","volume":"15","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000100544","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in disabled elderly women: a randomized clinical trial on the effect of training mobility and toileting skills to achieve independent toileting","volume":"53","author":"Houten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"2018","author":"Dumoulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbj.0000000000000009","article-title":"Evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles training in older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1734956.478","article-title":"Effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on urinary incontinence in elderly women with cognitive impairment","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12088","article-title":"Flexible-dose fesoterodine in elderly adults with overactive bladder: results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fesoterodine in an aging population trial","volume":"61","author":"Wagg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.08.027","article-title":"Effect of fesoterodine in vulnerable elderly subjects with urgency incontinence: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"191","author":"Dubeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.10.002","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of mirabegron in patients aged \u226565yr with overactive bladder wet: a phase IV, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study (PILLAR)","volume":"77","author":"Wagg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.11188","article-title":"Treating overactive bladder in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Wagg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu017","article-title":"The efficacy and tolerability of the \u03b23-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron for the treatment of symptoms of overactive bladder in older patients","volume":"43","author":"Wagg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2016.1149806","article-title":"Oral pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder in older patients: mirabegron as a potential alternative to antimuscarinics","volume":"32","author":"Wagg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0281-x","article-title":"Managing urinary incontinence in patients with dementia: pharmacological treatment options and considerations","volume":"32","author":"Orme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv077","article-title":"Appropriateness of oral drugs for long-term treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older persons: results of a systematic literature review and international consensus validation process (LUTS-FORTA 2014)","volume":"44","author":"Oelke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.13002","article-title":"Wake-up call: 4 out of 5 older hospitalised patients have nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"40","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14876","article-title":"The bladder at night during hospitalisation: Towards optimal care for elderly patients with nocturia","volume":"75","author":"Van Besien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2015.20.8.378","article-title":"Use of continence pads to manage urinary incontinence in older people","volume":"20","author":"Nazarko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2015.20.11.551","article-title":"Selecting appropriate absorbent products to treat urinary incontinence","volume":"20","author":"Payne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","volume-title":"Public engagement for health technology assessment at health quality ontario final report from the ontario health technology advisory committee public engagement subcommittee","author":"Wagner","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001774","article-title":"Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: an integrative review","volume":"23","author":"Meddings","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2021.0373","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in palliative care settings: part 2: management #426","volume":"24","author":"Habib","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01673-x","article-title":"A concept analysis of dignity-protective continence care for care dependent older people in long-term care settings","volume":"20","author":"Ostaszkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2017.03.014","article-title":"Reframing continence care in care-dependence","volume":"38","author":"Ostaszkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002441","article-title":"frailty is associated with an increased risk of complications and need for repeat procedures after sling surgery in older adults","volume":"207","author":"Van Kuiken","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","first-page":"CD006211","article-title":"Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital","volume":"2017","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13526","article-title":"Evaluation and establishment of a ward-based geriatric liaison service for older urological surgical patients: Proactive care of Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS)-Urology","volume":"120","author":"Braude","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft077","article-title":"Health status of UK care home residents: a cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02467.x","article-title":"Nighttime urinary incontinence and sleep disruption among nursing home residents","volume":"46","author":"Ouslander","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53359.x","article-title":"Functional incidental training: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in Veterans Affairs nursing homes","volume":"53","author":"Ouslander","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","first-page":"CD002113","article-title":"Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults","volume":"2000","author":"Eustice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine","author":"Schols","year":"2017","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","first-page":"14","article-title":"International Continence Society white paper on ethical considerations in older adults with urinary incontinence","volume":"41","author":"Suskind","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeurourolUrodyn"},{"key":"2023031605453640200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1099-x","article-title":"Continence Across Continents To Upend Stigma and Dependency (CACTUS-D): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/51\/9\/afac199\/49537309\/afac199.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/51\/9\/afac199\/49537309\/afac199.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T04:14:22Z","timestamp":1700972062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac199\/6695453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac199","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"article-number":"afac199"}}