{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:57:12Z","timestamp":1784285832606,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Fiscal Studies"},{"name":"NatCen Social Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2RO1AG7644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2RO1AG7644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2RO1AG017644-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2RO1AG017644-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020172","name":"Royal National Institute for Deaf People","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the relationships between trajectories of change in self-reported hearing over eight years with subsequent effects on cognition, measured using episodic memory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were drawn from 5 waves (2008\u20132016) of the English Longitudinal Study of England (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), involving 4,875 individuals aged 50+ at the baseline in ELSA and 6,365 in HRS. The latent growth curve modelling was used to identify trajectories of hearing over eight years, and linear regression models were performed to investigate the relationship between hearing trajectory memberships and episodic memory scores, controlling for confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five trajectories of hearing (stable very good, stable fair, poor to fair\/good, good to fair, and very good to good) were retained in each study. Individuals whose hearing remains suboptimal and those whose hearing deteriorates within suboptimal levels throughout eight years have significantly poorer episodic memory scores at follow-up than those with stable very good hearing. Conversely, individuals whose hearing declines but is within an optimal category at baseline do not see significantly poorer episodic memory scores than those with consistently optimal hearing. There was no significant relationship between individuals whose hearing improved from suboptimal baseline levels to optimal by follow-up and memory in ELSA. However, analysis using HRS data shows a significant improvement for this trajectory group (\u22121.260, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Either stable fair or deterioration in hearing is associated with worse cognitive function, both stable good or improving hearing is associated with better cognitive function specifically episodic memory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T10:59:12Z","timestamp":1676545152000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Trajectories of self-reported hearing and their associations with cognition: evidence from the United Kingdom and United States of America"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Katey","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piers","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness , School of Health Sciences, , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"University of Manchester , School of Health Sciences, , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences , School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Brisbane , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Brisbane , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit , Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"The University of Manchester , Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pendleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit , Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"The University of Manchester , Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gindo","family":"Tampubolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Development Institute and Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asri","family":"Maharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing , Faculty of Health and Education, , UK"},{"name":"Manchester Metropolitan University , Faculty of Health and Education, , UK"},{"name":"Division of Population Health , Health Services Research & Primary Care, , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"University of Manchester , Health Services Research & Primary Care, , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072419412972800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30403-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Nichols","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2023072419412972800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.016","article-title":"Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective","volume":"11","author":"Baumgart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2023072419412972800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.08.008","article-title":"Improving dementia care: the role of screening and detection of cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Borson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2023072419412972800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.5.661","article-title":"The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults","volume":"43","author":"Dalton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2023072419412972800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000562","article-title":"The socio-economic impact of hearing loss in US adults. 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