{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:35:25Z","timestamp":1792895725891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-1950-4-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-1950-4-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength\/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019\u201321 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (&amp;gt;80%), moderate agreement (70\u201380%) and low agreement (&amp;lt;70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>107 participants (mean age: 54\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents\/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on \u2018general aspects of sarcopenia\u2019 (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on \u2018components of sarcopenia\u2019 (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on \u2018outcomes of sarcopenia\u2019 (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as \u2018components of sarcopenia\u2019, whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an \u2018outcome\u2019 rather than a \u2018component\u2019 of sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T01:41:00Z","timestamp":1708998060000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":580,"title":["The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Kirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine , Western Health, , Melbourne, VIC , Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne , Western Health, , Melbourne, VIC , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health , Melbourne, VIC , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy M","family":"Cawthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute , 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu, Aichi \u00a0 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A","family":"\u00c1vila-Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n , Mexico City , Mexico"},{"name":"Bordeaux Population Health Research Center , UMR 1219, , Inserm, Bordeaux F-33000 , France"},{"name":"University of Bordeaux , UMR 1219, , Inserm, Bordeaux F-33000 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Barazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical , Surgical and Health Sciences, , Trieste , Italy"},{"name":"University of Trieste , Surgical and Health Sciences, , Trieste , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalender","family":"Bhasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Claude D. 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