{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:48:30Z","timestamp":1791416910326,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013561","name":"General Nursing Council for England and Wales Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["288068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["288068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incontinence is a common, distressing condition, most prevalent in older people. There is an unmet need for effective interventions to support continence. This review focuses on non-pharmacological interventions to reduce incontinence among homebound older people. Aim: to identify interventions with potential to be delivered by care workers, nurses or family members in a person\u2019s home.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple databases were searched until 15 September 2023 for randomised controlled trials reporting home-based interventions for incontinence for older people (\u226565\u00a0years) living at home. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and papers against inclusion criteria, then assessed for the Risk of Bias (RoB2). A third reviewer resolved the discrepancies. Primary data were extracted and synthesised.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A full-text review of 81 papers identified seven eligible papers (1996\u20132022, all USA), including n\u2009=\u2009636 participants (561 women and 75 men). Two studies focusing on multicomponent behavioural interventions showed benefit, as did one study of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation self-administered through electrode-embedded socks. Three, which included cognitively impaired people, reported improvement with toileting assistance programmes, but the effects were not all significant. Results were inconclusive from a study examining the effects of fluid intake adjustments. Interventions were delivered by nurses, three in collaboration with family caregivers. No faecal incontinence interventions met the criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is scant evidence for continence supporting interventions delivered in older people\u2019s own homes. With an ageing population often reliant on family or social care workers well-placed to support continence promotion and policy drives for services to support older people remaining at home, this evidence gap needs addressing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T17:54:33Z","timestamp":1719597273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions delivered at home for urinary and faecal incontinence with homebound older people: systematic review of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jackie","family":"Buck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"},{"name":"University of East Anglia , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"},{"name":"St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield , London EC1A 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Fromings Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"},{"name":"University of East Anglia , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"},{"name":"University of East Anglia , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Norwich , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , 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