{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:48:22Z","timestamp":1787852902443,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is a common complication of older people in hospitals, rehabilitation and long-term facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the worldwide use of validated delirium assessment tools and the presence of delirium management protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary analysis of a worldwide one-day point prevalence study on World Delirium Awareness Day, 15 March 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional online survey including hospitals, rehabilitation and long-term facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participating clinicians reported data on delirium, the presence of protocols, delirium assessments, delirium-awareness interventions, non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions, and ward\/unit-specific barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 44 countries, 1664 wards\/units and 36\u00a0048 patients were analysed. Validated delirium assessments were used in 66.7% (n\u2009=\u20091110) of wards\/units, 18.6% (n\u2009=\u2009310) used personal judgement or no assessment, and 10% (n\u2009=\u2009166) used other assessment methods. A delirium management protocol was reported in 66.8% (n\u2009=\u20091094) of wards\/units. The presence of protocols for delirium management varied across continents, ranging from 21.6% (on 21\/97 wards\/units) in Africa to 90.4% (235\/260) in Australia, similar to the use of validated delirium assessments with 29.6% (29\/98) in Africa to 93.5% (116\/124) in North America. Wards\/units with a delirium management protocol [n\u2009=\u20091094\/1664, 66.8%] were more likely to use a validated delirium test than those without a protocol [odds ratio 6.97 (95% confidence interval 5.289\u20139.185)]. The presence of a delirium protocol increased the chances for valid delirium assessment and, likely, evidence-based interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wards\/units that reported the presence of delirium management protocols had a higher probability of using validated delirium assessments tools to assess for delirium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1718218809000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A world-wide study on delirium assessments and presence of protocols"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5178-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Nydahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Nursing Science and Development, Paracelsus Medical University , Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keibun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital , 627 Rode Rd, Chermside QLD 4032 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia QLD, 4067, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Non-Profit Organization ICU Collaboration Network (ICON) , 2-15-13 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University , Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milano ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Acute Geriatric Unit, IRCCS San Gerardo Foundation , Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Benbenishty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine School of Nursing , PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van den Boogaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center , 10 Geert Grooteplein Zuid, 6525 GA, Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney , 320-346 Barker St, Randwick NSW 2031, Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"University of New South Wales , Gate 9, High St, The Chancellery Kensington, 2052, NSW Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Ryang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, , 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu. Seoul, Korea 06351 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, , 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu. Seoul, Korea 06351 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Elhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli , University Road, Al-Furnaje Tripoli, PO Box 13932, Tripoli ,","place":["Libya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Gurjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) , Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabi","family":"Heras-La Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of the International Research Project for the Humanization of Intensive Care Units (Proyecto HU-CI) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Ja\u00e9n , Av. del Ej\u00e9rcito Espa\u00f1ol, 10, 23007 Ja\u00e9n ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Safety and Sustainability in Healthcare , c\/o Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, , Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Medical University of Graz , c\/o Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, , Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Madlen","family":"Jeitziner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital , Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Inselspital, University of Bern , Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Institute of Nursing Science (INS) , Department of Public Health (DPH), Faculty of Medicine, , Petersplatz 1, Postfach, 4001 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Basel , Department of Public Health (DPH), Faculty of Medicine, , Petersplatz 1, Postfach, 4001 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Krewulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alberta Health Services and University of Calgary , 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Mailhot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Heart Institute Research Center , Faculty of Nursing, , 680 Sherbrooke West, Montreal QC, H3A 2M7 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Faculty of Nursing, , 680 Sherbrooke West, Montreal QC, H3A 2M7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Morandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermediate Care and Rehabilitation, Azienda Speciale Cremona Solidale , Via Brescia 207, 26100 Cremona ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Parc Sanitari Per Vergili, Val d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research , Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Kenji","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , Av. Albert Einstein, 627, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05652-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther S","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine , Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pathology, , 733 N. Broadway, MD 21205 Baltimore, ML ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pathology, , 733 N. Broadway, MD 21205 Baltimore, ML ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie O","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care , Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Paulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Hospital da Luz Lisboa , 1150-082 Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon , 1150-199 Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Hospital de S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier , CHLO, 1500-650 Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Lindroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nursing Research , Department of Nursing, , 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Mayo Clinic , Department of Nursing, , 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Aging Research , Regenstrief Institute, School of Medicine, , 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Indiana University , Regenstrief Institute, School of Medicine, , 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"von Haken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Mannheim , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the WDAD Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Gaber Ahmed","family":"Abdalgany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Magdy","family":"Abdelmohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Aburaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Aggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashir Abobaker","family":"Albakosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza Ismail Ahmad","family":"Alhamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram Waled Rajab M","family":"Aljbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Alkandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Alkaseek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsali","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Ashkenazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago","family":"Avelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasia Siobhan","family":"Bail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Mohamed Ali","family":"Baroum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronagh","family":"Blackwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Brendt-M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Brobeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tru","family":"Byrnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Cacciatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ana","family":"Canelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Couser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita Cunha","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cusworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Cvoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordanna","family":"Deosaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Diebels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine A","family":"Docherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Dossow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Drennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram Amin","family":"Egdeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Eichelsheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aissha Ali Saleh","family":"Elagili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifaleslam Jamal","family":"Elsahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajer Alsadeg Mohammed","family":"Elshaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Emme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias Thomas","family":"Exl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Feige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Fiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleta Irene Joy","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikita","family":"Fuchita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola Gimenez-Esparza","family":"Vich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neasa","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleta Irene Joy","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Adela","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Gol\u00fcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engelina","family":"Groenewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Grube","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qusai Ahmad Hasan","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahaeddin Ben","family":"Hamida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Hassan","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breanna","family":"Hetland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane Adele","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Ahmed Atef Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Imbriaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arveen","family":"Jeyaseelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Jawad","family":"Kadhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rens","family":"Kooken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"St. Korompeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman Salim Abu","family":"Khutwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puck","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Liefrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Pei","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Beatriz Lopes","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Madders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerri","family":"Maya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Manioudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"McAndrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Maria Metelo","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Anwar Abdelsalam","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushin Mohammed Elhadi Agbna","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malissa","family":"Mulkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariha","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Ryeo","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renae","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Noonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas Nunes Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Otmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Olotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Margherita","family":"Ornago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Ozorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Palakashappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tej","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Papadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metaxia","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose S","family":"Penfold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pinardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Filipa Pinto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirantha","family":"Premathilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Pop-Purceleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Puchegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouralddeen Mohammed","family":"Qalhoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence J","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Raasing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia Talaat","family":"Ragheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Rajhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuri","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushabbir Hossain","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sainsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Salis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schimb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Schm\u00e4dig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Schoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Sethia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Sextl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagyesh","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dua\u2019a","family":"Shaout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Fouad","family":"Sharabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Smulders-van","family":"Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy L","family":"Soiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Spiegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Stocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sumerauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aik Haw","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Timmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tohsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Gouveia","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Tsolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iben","family":"Tousgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Esteves Vieira","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Ward-Stockham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Webb-St. Mart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Wefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariajne Elisabeth","family":"Wijnen-Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"W\u00f8ien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inke","family":"Zastrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Zazzara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref1","author":"American-Psychiatric-Association (Ed.)","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.06.004","article-title":"Pathoetiological model of delirium: a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of delirium and an evidence-based approach to prevention and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Maldonado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12067","article-title":"Delirium in older persons: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"318","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e019223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019223","article-title":"Systematic review of prediction models for delirium in the older adult inpatient","volume":"8","author":"Lindroth","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00223-4","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06503-1","article-title":"Delirium in critical illness: clinical manifestations, outcomes, and management","volume":"47","author":"Stollings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201910-764OC","article-title":"Delirium severity trajectories and outcomes in ICU patients: defining a dynamic symptom phenotype","volume":"17","author":"Lindroth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref8","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref9","volume-title":"Every Deep-Drawn Breath: A Critical Care Doctor on Healing, Recovery, and Transforming Medicine in the ICU","author":"Ely","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","article-title":"Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Hshieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7556","article-title":"Effect of a ward-based program on hospital-associated complications and length of stay for older inpatients: the cluster randomized CHERISH trial","volume":"182","author":"Mudge","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12299","article-title":"Survey among critical care nurses and physicians about delirium management","volume":"23","author":"Nydahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000267","article-title":"Screening and detection of delirium in an adult critical care setting: a best practice implementation project","volume":"19","author":"Souza-Talarico","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2008.17.6.555","article-title":"Assessment of delirium in the intensive care unit: nursing practices and perceptions","volume":"17","author":"Devlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001415","article-title":"Consensus and variations in opinions on delirium care: a survey of European delirium specialists","volume":"25","author":"Morandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110935","article-title":"Delirium, sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit: a multinational, two-part survey among intensivists","volume":"9","author":"Luetz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2015740","article-title":"Delirium monitoring and patient outcomes in a general intensive care unit","volume":"24","author":"Andrews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.05.001","article-title":"Intensive care nurses\u2019 opinions and current practice in relation to delirium in the intensive care setting","volume":"31","author":"Glynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2014.06.004","article-title":"ICU delirium: a survey into nursing and medical staff knowledge of current practices and perceived barriers towards ICU delirium in the intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu154","article-title":"Towards an understanding of why undergraduate teaching about delirium does not guarantee gold-standard practice\u2014results from a UK national survey","volume":"44","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2014.10.006","article-title":"Nursing management of delirium in the postanesthesia care unit and intensive care unit","volume":"31","author":"Karabulut","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190015625396","article-title":"Practice patterns and opinions on current clinical practice guidelines regarding the management of delirium in the intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Mo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12239","article-title":"Attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning delirium: a survey among intensive care unit professionals","volume":"22","author":"Trogrli\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw066","article-title":"Increasing delirium skills at the front door: results from a repeated survey on delirium knowledge and attitudes","volume":"45","author":"Jenkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-016-0218-8","article-title":"Knowledge and implementation of the S3 guideline on delirium management in Germany","volume":"65","author":"Saller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly154","article-title":"Delirium, dementia, and In-hospital mortality: the results from the Italian delirium day 2016, a national multicenter study","volume":"74","author":"Morandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13517","article-title":"Delirium the under-recognized syndrome: survey of health care professionals\u2019 awareness and practice in the intensive care units","volume":"26","author":"Selim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215002288","article-title":"Delirium superimposed on dementia: a survey of delirium specialists shows a lack of consensus in clinical practice and research studies","volume":"28","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1111","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002640","article-title":"Worldwide survey of the \u201cassessing pain, both spontaneous awakening and breathing trials, choice of drugs, delirium monitoring\/management, early exercise\/mobility, and family empowerment\u201d (ABCDEF) bundle","volume":"45","author":"Morandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4945-3","article-title":"Status quo of delirium management in German-speaking countries: comparison between intensive care units and wards","volume":"44","author":"Krotsetis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2020.102925","article-title":"Prevalence and management of delirium in intensive care units in the Netherlands: an observational multicentre study","volume":"61","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref32","first-page":"84051","article-title":"Trends in delirium coding rates in older hospital inpatients in England and Scotland: full population data comprising 7.7M patients per year show substantial increases between 2012 and 2020","volume":"2023","author":"Ibitoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Delirium Commun"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18751","article-title":"Delirium detection tools show varying completion rates and positive score rates when used at scale in routine practice in general hospital settings: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Penfold","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref34","article-title":"Implementation of the ABCDEF bundle for critically ill ICU patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-national 1-day point prevalence study","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221097644","article-title":"Mobilization and rehabilitation practice in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-00985-y","article-title":"Practices in sedation, analgesia, mobilization, delirium, and sleep deprivation in adult intensive care units (SAMDS-ICU): an international survey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Luz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02882-x","article-title":"COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"24","author":"Kotfis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30552-X","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients with COVID-19 (COVID-D): a multicentre cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Pun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae248","article-title":"World delirium awareness and quality survey in 2023\u2014a world-wide point prevalence study","author":"Lindroth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"147","author":"Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2249950","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49950","article-title":"Predisposing and precipitating factors associated with delirium: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Ormseth","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref42","volume-title":"Applied Linear Statistical Models","author":"Kutner","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.028","article-title":"Routine delirium monitoring is independently associated with a reduction of hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, observational cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Luetz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref44","first-page":"3","article-title":"Assessment of analgesia, sedation, physical restraint and delirium in patients admitted to Spanish intensive care units. Proyecto ASCyD","volume":"31","author":"Arias-Rivera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20220020-en","article-title":"Sedation, analgesia, and delirium management in Portugal: a survey and point prevalence study","volume":"34","author":"Paulino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00898","article-title":"Appropriate care for older people with cognitive impairment in hospital","volume":"205","author":"Caplan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000871","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000871","article-title":"Prospective multicentre multifaceted before-after implementation study of ICU delirium guidelines: a process evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Trogrlic","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0886-9","article-title":"A systematic review of implementation strategies for assessment, prevention, and management of ICU delirium and their effect on clinical outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Trogrli\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066614553925","article-title":"A review of multifaceted care approaches for the prevention and mitigation of delirium in intensive care units","volume":"31","author":"Collinsworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11000-6","article-title":"Delirium on stroke units: a prospective, multicentric quality-improvement project","volume":"269","author":"Nydahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166392","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1166392","article-title":"Detecting delirium: a systematic review of ultrabrief identification instruments for hospital patients","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-015-0056-5","article-title":"Nursing workload indices TISS-10, TISS-28, and NEMS : higher workload with agitation and delirium is not reflected","volume":"111","author":"Guenther","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.08.001","article-title":"\u201cFailure to Maintain\u201d: a theoretical proposition for a new quality indicator of nurse care rationing for complex older people in hospital","volume":"63","author":"Bail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.054","article-title":"Identifying barriers to delivering the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium, and early exercise\/mobility bundle to minimize adverse outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review","volume":"152","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12629","article-title":"Delirium in adult and paediatric ICU patients: what is the way forward?","volume":"26","author":"Ista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000326","article-title":"Sedation, sleep promotion, and delirium screening practices in the care of mechanically ventilated children: a wake-up call for the pediatric critical care community*","volume":"42","author":"Kudchadkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01978-w","article-title":"Towards understanding the nature and need of delirium guidelines across nations and cultures","volume":"34","author":"Adamis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003067","article-title":"Interprofessional care and teamwork in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"Donovan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-024-03692-8","article-title":"Delirium care in hospitals in Ireland on World Delirium Awareness Day 2023","author":"","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318180b90e","article-title":"Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure","volume":"36","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref61","first-page":"977","article-title":"Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients","volume":"163","author":"Elie","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.20.2467","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 recognition of delirium and its symptoms: comparison of nurse and researcher ratings","volume":"161","author":"Inouye","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001653","article-title":"Recognition and management of delirium among doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, and psychologists: an Italian survey","volume":"26","author":"Bellelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025015","article-title":"Occurrence rate of delirium in acute stroke settings: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Shaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa224","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Tieges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103334","article-title":"Early mobilisation for prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Nydahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.11.011","article-title":"Family intervention for delirium for patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16565","article-title":"Non-pharmacologic multicomponent interventions preventing delirium in hospitalized people","volume":"68","author":"Ludolph","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2020.02.001","article-title":"Humanizing intensive care: from theory to practice","volume":"32","author":"Velasco Bueno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1632","article-title":"The optimal intervention for preventing physical restraints among older adults living in the nursing home: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003196","article-title":"Factors associated with delirium in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ista","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref72","first-page":"CD012476","article-title":"Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints of older people in general hospital settings","volume":"8","author":"Abraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1859","article-title":"Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review","volume":"171","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1860","article-title":"Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review","volume":"171","author":"Nikooie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06712-2","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine vs other sedatives in critically ill mechanically ventilated adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"48","author":"Lewis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00141-8","article-title":"Multimodal, patient-centred symptom control: a strategy to replace sedation in the ICU","volume":"11","author":"Eikermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.08.009","article-title":"Risk factors for discharge on a new antipsychotic medication after admission to an intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Rowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616686741","article-title":"Impact of an antipsychotic discontinuation bundle during transitions of Care in Critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14865","article-title":"Patients\u2019 experiences of delirium: a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research","volume":"77","author":"Kuusisto-Gussmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026071407162433600_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04077-y","article-title":"The future of intensive care: delirium should no longer be an issue","volume":"26","author":"Kotfis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/7\/afae129\/60831954\/afae129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/7\/afae129\/60831954\/afae129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:16:36Z","timestamp":1784027796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae129\/7702344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"article-number":"afae129"}}