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           <jats:p>This 6-year observational prospective cohort study utilised self-reported questionnaires. Data were drawn from the participants of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study project between 2016 and 2022. The participants were independent older adults aged \u226565\u00a0years living alone in Japan. The primary outcome was the incidence of functional disability during the follow-up period, with the self-reported frequency of eating together serving as the explanatory variable. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for confounders associated with incident functional disability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 7167 participants, the mean age at baseline was 75.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5\u00a0years and 69.2% were female. About, 12.8% of participants (n\u2009=\u2009917) developed functional disabilities during the observation period. The incidence rates were 11.7% for \u2018every day\u2019, 11.3% for \u2018several times a week\u2019, 11.5% for \u2018several times a month\u2019, 12.7% for \u2018several times a year\u2019 and 19.0% for \u2018seldom\u2019. The frequency of eating together \u2018seldom\u2019 was significantly associated with an increased incidence of functional disability (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10\u20132.18).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among older adults living alone, infrequent eating together (\u2018seldom\u2019) was identified as a risk factor for developing functional disability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T12:03:05Z","timestamp":1721736185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between the incidence of functional disability and frequency of eating together among older adults living alone: a 6-year follow-up study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy Science , Graduate School of Medical Science, , Yamagata-City, Yamagata 997-8555 , Japan"},{"name":"Yamagata University , Graduate School of Medical Science, , Yamagata-City, Yamagata 997-8555 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Miyaguni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama-Cho , Aichi 470-3295 , 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