{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:37:07Z","timestamp":1790779027508,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG066576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG066576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG076525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG057725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG057725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG057667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG057667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR003098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR003098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The surgical population is ageing and often frail. Frailty increases the risk for poor post-operative outcomes such as delirium, which carries significant morbidity, mortality and cost. Frailty is often measured in a binary manner, limiting pre-operative counselling. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between categorical frailty severity level and post-operative delirium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed an analysis of a retrospective cohort of older adults from 12 January 2018 to 3 January 2020 admitted to a tertiary medical center for elective surgery. All participants underwent frailty screening prior to inpatient elective surgery with at least two post-operative delirium assessments. Planned ICU admissions were excluded. Procedures were risk-stratified by the Operative Stress Score (OSS). Categorical frailty severity level (Not Frail, Mild, Moderate, and Severe Frailty) was measured using the Edmonton Frail Scale. Delirium was determined using the 4 A\u2019s Test and Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In sum, 324 patients were included. The overall post-operative delirium incidence was 4.6% (15 individuals), which increased significantly as the categorical frailty severity level increased (2% not frail, 6% mild frailty, 23% moderate frailty; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) corresponding to increasing odds of delirium (OR 2.57 [0.62, 10.66] mild vs. not frail; OR 12.10 [3.57, 40.99] moderate vs. not frail).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of post-operative delirium increases as categorical frailty severity level increases. This suggests that frailty severity should be considered when counselling older adults about their risk for post-operative delirium prior to surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T09:23:48Z","timestamp":1723281828000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence of post-operative delirium increases as severity of frailty increases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology , Department of Medicine, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Department of Medicine, , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther S","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology , Department of Medicine, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Department of Medicine, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neuropathology , Department of Pathology, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Department of Pathology, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J","family":"Psoter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics , Department of Pediatrics, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Department of Pediatrics, , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Bettick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nae-Yuh","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine , Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, , Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gearhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 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