{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:12:21Z","timestamp":1787008341295,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The World Falls Guidelines (WFG) propose an algorithm that classifies patients as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk. We evaluated different operationalizations of the WFG algorithm and compared its predictive performance to other screening tools for falls, namely: the American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society (AGS\/BGS) algorithm, the 3KQ on their own and fall history on its own.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data from 1509 adults aged \u226565\u00a0years from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. The outcome was \u22651 fall during 1-year follow-up, which was ascertained using fall calendars. The screening tools\u2019 items were retrospectively operationalized using baseline measures, using proxies where necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity ranged between 30.9\u201348.0% and specificity ranged between 77.0\u201388.2%. Operationalizing the algorithm with the 3KQ instead of fall history yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity, whereas operationalization with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) classification tree instead of Fried\u2019s frailty criteria did not affect predictive performance. Compared to the WFG algorithm, the AGS\/BGS algorithm and fall history on its own yielded similar predictive performance, whereas the 3KQ on their own yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The WFG algorithm can identify patients at risk of a fall, especially when the 3KQ are included in its operationalization. The CFS and Fried\u2019s frailty criteria may be used interchangeably in the algorithm\u2019s operationalization. The algorithm performed similarly compared to other screening tools, except for the 3KQ on their own, which have higher sensitivity but lower specificity and lack clinical recommendations per risk category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T15:14:10Z","timestamp":1728227650000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of the world falls guidelines-algorithm in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Bob","family":"van de Loo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science , De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Aging and Later Life , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn W","family":"Heymans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science , De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Aging and Later Life , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Medlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Aging and Later Life , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameen","family":"Abu-Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Aging and Later Life , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"van der Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasja M","family":"van Schoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science , De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Aging and Later Life , Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903252","article-title":"Prevention of falls in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"382","author":"Ganz","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp020719","article-title":"Preventing falls in elderly persons","volume":"348","author":"Tinetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afac205","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac205","article-title":"World guidelines for falls prevention and management for older adults: A global initiative","volume":"51","author":"Montero-Odasso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03234.x","article-title":"Panel on prevention of falls in older persons, American Geriatrics Society and British geriatrics society. Summary of the updated American Geriatrics Society\/British geriatrics society clinical practice guideline for prevention of falls in older persons","volume":"59","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afad129","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad129","article-title":"The use of the world guidelines for falls prevention and Management\u2019s risk stratification algorithm in predicting falls in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA)","volume":"52","author":"Hartley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104713","article-title":"Validation and comparison of fall screening tools for predicting future falls among older adults","volume":"101","author":"Burns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref7","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"4","author":"von","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00541-2","article-title":"The longitudinal aging study Amsterdam: Cohort update 2019 and additional data collections","volume":"35","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53455.x","article-title":"Development of a common outcome data set for fall injury prevention trials: The prevention of falls network Europe consensus","volume":"53","author":"Lamb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00349-3","article-title":"Fall-risk screening test: A prospective study on predictors for falls in community-dwelling elderly","volume":"54","author":"Tromp","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab006","article-title":"A classification tree to assist with routine scoring of the clinical frailty scale","volume":"50","author":"Theou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx245","article-title":"Associations of sarcopenia definitions, and their components, with the incidence of recurrent falling and fractures: The longitudinal aging study Amsterdam","volume":"73","author":"Schaap","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0002-0","article-title":"A risk profile for identifying community-dwelling elderly with a high risk of recurrent falling: Results of a 3-year prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Pluijm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.12.1932","article-title":"Predictors for falls and fractures in the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam","volume":"13","author":"Tromp","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643231186630","article-title":"Overestimation of balance ability among older adults at risk for falls","author":"Ickert","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110283","article-title":"Interpreting the need for initial support to perform tandem stance tests of balance","volume":"92","author":"Hile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52317.x","article-title":"Tests of stepping as indicators of mobility, balance, and fall risk in balance-impaired older adults","volume":"52","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afh028","article-title":"Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline","volume":"33","author":"Stel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000548","article-title":"The prevalence of unexplained falls and syncope in older adults presenting to an Irish urban emergency department","volume":"26","author":"Bhangu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-021-00859-5","article-title":"Geriatric screening, fall characteristics and 3- and 12\u2009months adverse outcomes in older patients visiting the emergency department with a fall","volume":"29","author":"Blomaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024101823233499800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.106","article-title":"Trends in fall-related hospital admissions in older persons in the Netherlands","volume":"170","author":"Hartholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/10\/afae229\/59877105\/afae229.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/10\/afae229\/59877105\/afae229.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T19:23:50Z","timestamp":1729279430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae229\/7826665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae229","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"article-number":"afae229"}}