{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:11:10Z","timestamp":1793059870519,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hospital-associated deconditioning is a broad term, which refers non-specifically to declines in any function of the body secondary to hospitalisation. Older people, particularly those living with frailty, are known to be at greatest risk. It has historically been most commonly used as a term to describe declines in muscle mass and function (i.e. acute sarcopenia). However, declines in physical function do not occur in isolation, and it is recognised that cognitive deconditioning (defined by delayed mental processing as part of a spectrum with fulminant delirium at one end) is commonly encountered by patients in hospital. Whilst the term \u2018deconditioning\u2019 is descriptive, it perhaps leads to under-emphasis on the inherent organ dysfunction that is associated, and also implies some ease of reversibility. Whilst deconditioning may be reversible with early intervention strategies, the long-term effects can be devastating. In this article, we summarise the most recent research on this topic including new promising interventions and describe our recommendations for implementation of tools such as the Frailty Care Bundle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T07:22:04Z","timestamp":1729236124000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["New horizons in hospital-associated deconditioning: a global condition of body and mind"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3894-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly","family":"Welch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London , St Thomas\u2019 Campus, 3rd & 4th Floor South Wing Block D, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Ageing and Health, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital , 9th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lille, CHU Lille, U1172, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders , Department of Geriatrics, Lille,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1033-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge CB2 0QQ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0SZ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin , School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, Health Sciences Centre Belfield, Dublin 4,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martinez-Velilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarre Health Service (SNS-O), Navarre University Hospital (HUN), Department of Geriatrics, Navarrabiomed, Navarre Public University (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) , Pamplona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London , St Thomas\u2019 Campus, 3rd & 4th Floor South Wing Block D, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Ageing and Health, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital , 9th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Romero-Ortuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Discipline of Medical Gerontology , School of Medicine, , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Trinity College Dublin , School of Medicine, , Dublin 2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2012.417","article-title":"History of geriatric medicine: from Hippocrates to Marjory Warren","volume":"42","author":"Ritch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4536.967","article-title":"Dangers of going to bed","volume":"2","author":"Asher","year":"1947","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-1-99","article-title":"Interface geriatrics: modernising conventional geriatric medical care","volume":"12","author":"Oo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e060142","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-060142","article-title":"Models of integrated care for older people with frailty: a horizon scanning review","volume":"12","author":"Kjelsnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5643","article-title":"Integrated care for older people in France in 2020: findings, challenges, and prospects","volume":"21","author":"Bajeux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref6","volume-title":"Enhanced Community Care 2023","author":"Health Service Executive"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref7","article-title":"Is comprehensive geriatric assessment hospital at home a cost-effective alternative to hospital admission for older people","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0600","article-title":"Hospital-level care at home for acutely ill adults","volume":"172","author":"Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02111-2","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring the lived experiences of deconditioning in hospital in Ontario","volume":"21","author":"Guilcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canada BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1212324","article-title":"Post-hospital syndrome\u2014an acquired, transient condition of generalized risk","volume":"368","author":"Krumholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104176","article-title":"Interventions for reducing hospital-associated deconditioning: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Smith TO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.015","article-title":"Prevalence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Loyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.03.011","article-title":"Preventable iatrogenic disability in elderly patients during hospitalization","volume":"16","author":"Sourdet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-07-103","article-title":"Induced frailty and acute sarcopenia are overlapping consequences of hospitalisation in older adults","volume":"07","author":"Welch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03378-9","article-title":"Transitions between degrees of multidimensional frailty among older people admitted to intermediate care: a multicentre prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Ambl\u00e0s-Novellas","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.19.196","article-title":"Clinical frailty scale in an acute medicine unit: a simple tool that predicts length of stay","volume":"19","author":"Juma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab026","article-title":"Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study","volume":"50","author":"","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02149-1","article-title":"Quality of life is substantially worse for community-dwelling older people living with frailty: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Crocker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2021.712430","article-title":"Network physiology in aging and frailty: the grand challenge of physiological reserve in older adults","volume":"1","author":"Romero-Ortu\u00f1o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17206","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with incident Alzheimer's dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline","volume":"69","author":"Beeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80038-3_10","volume-title":"Sarcopenia: Research and Clinical Implications","author":"Welch","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0315","article-title":"Acute sarcopenia secondary to hospitalisation - an emerging condition affecting older adults","volume":"9","author":"Welch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12224","article-title":"The incidence of sarcopenia among hospitalized older patients: results from the Glisten study","volume":"8","author":"Martone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14366","article-title":"Trajectories of muscle quantity, quality and function measurements in hospitalized older adults","volume":"22","author":"Welch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa103","article-title":"Changes in muscle strength and physical function in older patients during and after hospitalisation: a prospective repeated-measures cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Hartley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2023.2259335","article-title":"Baseline nutritional status and in-hospital step count are associated with muscle quantity, quality, and function: results of an exploratory study","volume":"42","author":"Welch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref28","first-page":"559","article-title":"The association between cognitive impairment and functional outcome in hospitalised older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Hartley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0167","article-title":"Establishing predictors of acute sarcopenia: a proof-of-concept study utilising network analysis","volume":"16","author":"Welch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa216","article-title":"Frailty is associated with neutrophil dysfunction which is correctable with phosphoinositol-3-kinase inhibitors","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.006","article-title":"Frailty and sarcopenia: the potential role of an aged immune system","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.67","article-title":"The GH\/IGF-1 axis in ageing and longevity","volume":"9","author":"Junnila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00208","article-title":"The neuromuscular junction: aging at the crossroad between nerves and muscle","volume":"6","author":"Gonzalez-Freire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13193","article-title":"The role of senescent cells in ageing","volume":"509","author":"Deursen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5687","article-title":"Hospital-associated deconditioning: not only physical, but also cognitive","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.011","article-title":"Patterns of cognitive change in elderly patients during and 6 months after hospitalisation: a prospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw064","article-title":"Undiagnosed long-term cognitive impairment in acutely hospitalised older medical patients with delirium: a prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00223-4","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05907-4","article-title":"Updated nomenclature of delirium and acute encephalopathy: statement of ten societies","volume":"46","author":"Slooter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1458-7","article-title":"Delirium is prevalent in older hospital inpatients and associated with adverse outcomes: results of a prospective multi-centre study on world delirium awareness day","volume":"17","author":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa244","article-title":"Recurrent delirium over 12 months predicts dementia: results of the Delirium and Cognitive Impact in Dementia (DECIDE) study","volume":"50","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00098-3","article-title":"Delirium, neurofilament light chain, and progressive cognitive impairment: analysis of a prospective Norwegian population-based cohort","volume":"4","author":"Krogseth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00737-y","article-title":"Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study","volume":"14","author":"Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000345609","article-title":"Different functional outcomes in patients with delirium and subsyndromal delirium one month after hospital discharge","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium compared with delirium, dementia, and subjects without delirium or dementia in elderly general hospital admissions and nursing home residents","volume":"7","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.02.021","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of subsyndromal delirium in older adults in hospital or long-term care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4344","article-title":"Predicting outcome in older hospital patients with delirium: a systematic literature review","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02596305","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among medical and surgical patients nearing hospital discharge","volume":"2","author":"Walker","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4175","article-title":"Assessment of bidirectional relationships between physical activity and depression among adults: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"76","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06725-3","article-title":"Relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning among older Indian adults","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref52","article-title":"The role of physical function in the association between physical activity and gait speed in older adults: a mediation analysis","volume":"19","author":"Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610223000844","article-title":"Impact of psychotropic medications on cognition among older adults: a systematic review","author":"Chandramouleeshwaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072608","article-title":"New onset of constipation during long-term physical inactivity: a proof-of-concept study on the immobility-induced bowel changes","volume":"8","author":"Iovino","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02156-w","article-title":"Global prevalence of constipation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Salari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afh040","article-title":"Effects of ageing on gastrointestinal motor function","volume":"33","author":"Madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123759","article-title":"The gut microbiome, aging, and longevity: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Badal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00467","article-title":"Marked changes in gut microbiota in cardio-surgical intensive care patients: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Aardema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12244","article-title":"Prevalence of constipation on an internal medicine ward","volume":"6","author":"Rego","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M672","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.10.M672","article-title":"Risk factors for hospital-acquired incontinence in elderly female hip fracture patients","volume":"57","author":"Palmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02286.x","article-title":"Risk factors and prevention among patients with hospital-acquired and pre-existing pressure ulcers in an acute care hospital","volume":"17","author":"Wann-Hansson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2022.104358","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of dry skin among older inpatients in hospitals and nursing homes: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"135","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260742","article-title":"Peripheral edema: a common and persistent health problem for older Americans","volume":"16","author":"Besharat","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.07.030","article-title":"Management of orthostatic hypotension in the hospitalized patient: a narrative review","volume":"135","author":"Wahba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16350","article-title":"Disability and recovery after hospitalization for medical illness among community-living older persons: a prospective cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Dharmarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13591","article-title":"Sarcopenia and dysphagia: position paper by four professional organizations","volume":"19","author":"Fujishima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169548","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169548","article-title":"Health outcomes of sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Beaudart","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.05.003","article-title":"Quality of life and physical components linked to sarcopenia: the SarcoPhAge study","volume":"69","author":"Beaudart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws190","article-title":"Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: a population-based cohort study","volume":"135","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13193","article-title":"Hospital-associated functional decline: the role of hospitalization processes beyond individual risk factors","volume":"63","author":"Zisberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033077","article-title":"Speaking up for fundamental care: the ILC Aalborg statement","volume":"9","author":"Kitson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12526","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12526","article-title":"Evaluation of the feasibility of an education-career pathway in healthcare for older people (ECHO) for early career nurses","volume":"18","author":"Naughton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01330-z","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to enhancing physical activity in older patients during acute hospital stay: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-09-032","article-title":"Implementation of a frailty care bundle (FCB) targeting mobilisation, nutrition and cognitive engagement to reduce hospital associated decline in older orthopaedic trauma patients: pretest-posttest intervention study","volume":"9","author":"Naughton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14954","article-title":"Systematic review of interventions targeting fundamental care to reduce hospital-associated decline in older patients","volume":"77","author":"Foubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16349","article-title":"After three decades of study, hospital-associated disability remains a common problem","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7556","article-title":"Effect of a ward-based program on hospital-associated complications and length of stay for older inpatients: the cluster randomized CHERISH trial","volume":"182","author":"Mudge","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz025","article-title":"Walking for better outcomes and recovery: the effect of WALK-FOR in preventing hospital-associated functional decline among older adults","volume":"74","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2012.01.008","article-title":"Functional decline in hospitalized older adults: can nursing make a difference","volume":"33","author":"Boltz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx128","article-title":"Outcomes of Mobilisation of Vulnerable Elders in Ontario (MOVE ON): a multisite interrupted time series evaluation of an implementation intervention to increase patient mobilisation","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/01708406221074146","article-title":"Do we still need professional boundaries? The multiple influences of boundaries on interprofessional collaboration","volume":"44","author":"Farchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organ Stud"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref83","volume-title":"Age-Friendly Health Systems","author":"Institute for Healthcare Improvement"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07981-9","article-title":"What older people and their relatives say is important during acute hospitalisation: a qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Mickelson Weldingh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-019-0411-3","article-title":"Interventions to improve team effectiveness within health care: a systematic review of the past decade","volume":"18","author":"Buljac-Samardzic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15024","article-title":"Exploring person-centred fundamental nursing care in hospital wards: a multi-site ethnography","volume":"29","author":"Belle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.103888","article-title":"Effects of nursing nutrition interventions on outcomes in malnourished hospital inpatients and nursing home residents: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Berg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.878031","article-title":"Goal-directed mobility of medical inpatients\u2013a mini review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Heinzmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05842.x","article-title":"Cognitive stimulation during hospitalization improves global cognition of older Taiwanese undergoing elective total knee and hip replacement surgery","volume":"68","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08650-7","article-title":"A scoping review of perceptions from healthcare professionals on antipsychotic prescribing practices in acute care settings","volume":"22","author":"Jaworska","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref91","first-page":"2018","volume-title":"Framework for Safe Nurse Staffing and Skill Mix in General and Specialist Medical and Surgical Care Settings in Ireland","author":"Office of the Chief Nurse. Department of Health (DoH)"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03885.x","article-title":"The hospital elder life program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital elder life program","volume":"48","author":"Inouye","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860613510965","article-title":"Eat walk engage: an interdisciplinary collaborative model to improve care of hospitalized elders","volume":"30","author":"Mudge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.103469","article-title":"Older people\u2019s experiences in acute care settings: systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"102","author":"Bridges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1170-9","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of multi-component interventions to prevent delirium in older people undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture","volume":"24","author":"Akunne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4685.921","article-title":"Activity in advancing years","volume":"2","author":"Warren","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00970-3","article-title":"Recommendations for older adults\u2019 physical activity and sedentary behaviour during hospitalisation for an acute medical illness: an international Delphi study","volume":"17","author":"Baldwin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.1870","article-title":"Comparison of posthospitalization function and community mobility in hospital mobility program and usual care patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.4869","article-title":"Effect of exercise intervention on functional decline in very elderly patients during acute hospitalization: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"179","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.7654","article-title":"Effect of an exercise intervention on functional decline in very old patients during acute hospitalizations: results of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial","volume":"182","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab032","article-title":"Recovery of the decline in activities of daily living after hospitalization through an individualized exercise program: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.08.024","article-title":"Cognitive function improvements mediate exercise intervention effects on physical performance in acutely hospitalized older adults","volume":"22","author":"S\u00e1ez de Asteasu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref103","first-page":"84","article-title":"Could a tailored exercise intervention for hospitalised older adults have a role in the resolution of delirium? Secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Martinez Velilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa209","article-title":"Interventions to ameliorate reductions in muscle quantity and function in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review towards acute sarcopenia treatment","volume":"50","author":"Welch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12481","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in response to exercise intervention or usual care in hospitalized older adults","volume":"10","author":"S\u00e1ez de Asteasu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab247","article-title":"Effects of game-based interventions on functional capacity in acutely hospitalised older adults: results of an open-label non-randomised clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Cuevas-Lara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref107","volume-title":"Case Study: Introducing a Meaningful Activity Service University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust","author":"NHS providers"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-68","article-title":"Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: interventions to counteract the \u2018anabolic resistance\u2019 of ageing","volume":"8","author":"Breen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref109","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients","volume":"2021","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13547","article-title":"Effects of branched-chain amino acids and vitamin D supplementation on physical function, muscle mass and strength, and nutritional status in sarcopenic older adults undergoing hospital-based rehabilitation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz132","article-title":"Post-operative delirium associated with metabolic alterations following hemi-arthroplasty in older patients","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz084","article-title":"A phase I randomized clinical trial of evidence-based, pragmatic interventions to improve functional recovery after hospitalization in geriatric patients","volume":"74","author":"Deer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01798.x","article-title":"A pilot study of anabolic steroids in elderly patients with hip fractures","volume":"40","author":"Sloan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCCER219","volume-title":"Antipsychotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Delirium","author":"Neufeld","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13312","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104171","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions for prevention of delirium in hospitalized older people: a meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Le\u00f3n-Salas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110643","article-title":"Bed rest and accelerated aging in relation to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems and frailty biomarkers: a review","volume":"124","author":"Kehler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.052","article-title":"Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Justice","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519859930","article-title":"Does adding an integrated physical therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy to standard rehabilitation improve functional outcome in elderly patients with pneumonia? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2015.11.009","article-title":"Physical therapy intervention during hospitalization in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"146","author":"Mart\u00edn-Salvador","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.024","article-title":"Can electrical stimulation enhance effects of a functional training program in hospitalized geriatric patients?","volume":"106","author":"Zinglersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S438144","article-title":"Obstacles to the early diagnosis and management of sarcopenia: current perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Ooi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.2.126","article-title":"A hierarchical assessment of balance and mobility","volume":"24","author":"MacKnight","year":"1995","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2018.11.160","article-title":"The Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility (HABAM): an underutilised tool to track physical function and estimate length of stay","volume":"105","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202007-2700OC","article-title":"Detecting deteriorating patients in the hospital: development and validation of a novel scoring system","volume":"204","author":"Pimentel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00649-y","article-title":"Machine learning for real-time aggregated prediction of hospital admission for emergency patients","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2024110504124010300_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0000017","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000017","article-title":"A systematic review of the prediction of hospital length of stay: towards a unified framework","volume":"1","author":"Stone","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/11\/afae241\/60415073\/afae241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/53\/11\/afae241\/60415073\/afae241.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T23:13:33Z","timestamp":1730762013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae241\/7875048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"article-number":"afae241"}}