{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:50:44Z","timestamp":1792003844219,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To establish substantial clinical benefits (SCB) and minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for both the single-task and dual-task timed up and go (TUG) tests in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PwPD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective pre\u2013post intervention study evaluating the effects of combined motor\u2013cognitive training.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rehabilitation centers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred fifteen PwPD, with a mean age of 61.33\u2009\u00b1\u200913.01\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dual-task motor-cognitive training.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Time taken to complete the single-task and dual-task TUG tests, recorded both before and after the intervention. MCIDs were calculated using the anchor-based and distribution-based methods. SCB was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The anchor-based MCIDs for the single-task and dual-task TUG tests ranged from \u22120.71 to \u22121.27, and\u2009\u2212\u20090.82 to \u22121.81, respectively. The distribution-based MCIDs for the single-task and dual-task TUG tests ranged from \u22121.07 to \u22121.14, and\u2009\u2212\u20091.65 to \u22121.98, respectively. The SCB for both the single-task and dual-task TUG tests was determined to be less than \u22122.04.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This investigation provides critical insights into interpreting changes in functional mobility in PwPD, facilitating informed clinical interventions and enhancing research planning initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T10:04:26Z","timestamp":1756548266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Minimal clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefits for single- and dual-task timed up and go test following motor-cognitive training in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ghorban","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Research Center , School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Eissazade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Brain and Cognition Clinic, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed-Mohammad","family":"Fereshtehnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvaneh","family":"Taghavi Azar Sharabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Shafa Yahyaeian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Shati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyede Salehe","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Research Center , School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Amir Hasan","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rasool Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"SalemiJuybari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Mehdizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Mental Health Research Center , School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.05.003","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient acceptable symptom state of PROMIS upper extremity after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-024-00210-z","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Migliorini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.05.001","article-title":"Quantifying the minimal and substantial clinical benefit of the constant-Murley score and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score in patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff","volume":"4","author":"Louwerens","year":"2020","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13860","article-title":"Prevention of falls in Parkinson's disease: guidelines and gaps","volume":"10","author":"Camicioli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-dn-2021-0019","article-title":"Falls in Parkinson's disease: the impact of disease progression, treatment, and motor complications","volume":"16","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519877498","article-title":"Measures of balance and falls risk prediction in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of psychometric properties","volume":"33","author":"Winser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz111","article-title":"Evolution of prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a prospective study","volume":"142","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051715","article-title":"Timed up-and-go dual-task testing in the assessment of cognitive function: a mixed methods observational study for development of the UDDGait protocol","volume":"17","author":"Cedervall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref9","first-page":"100158","article-title":"Cognitive correlates of dual tasking costs on the timed up and go test in Parkinson disease","volume":"7","author":"Harrie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090126","article-title":"Minimal detectable change of the timed \u201cup & go\u201d test and the dynamic gait index in people with Parkinson disease","volume":"91","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1399175","article-title":"Optimal dosage ranges of various exercise types for enhancing timed up and go performance in Parkinson's disease patients: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12022","article-title":"EFNS\/MDS-ES\/ENS [corrected] recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Berardelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2741\/4649","article-title":"Hoehn and Yahr staging of Parkinson's disease in relation to neuropsychological measures","volume":"23","author":"Modestino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140292","article-title":"Factors contributing to single- and dual-task timed \u201cup & go\u201d test performance in middle-aged and older adults who are active and dwell in the community","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020168","article-title":"Effect of dual-task motor-cognitive training in preventing falls in vulnerable elderly cerebrovascular patients: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Span\u00f2","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.07.008","article-title":"Effects of dual-task group training on gait, cognitive executive function, and quality of life in people with Parkinson disease: results of randomized controlled DUALGAIT trial","volume":"101","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.2009.17.3.163","article-title":"Global rating of change scales: a review of strengths and weaknesses and considerations for design","volume":"17","author":"Kamper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1533","article-title":"Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GDS-15 in Iranian elderly","volume":"21","author":"Malakouti","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A journal of the psychiatry of late life and allied sciences"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2025.2458701","article-title":"Assessment of reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Parkinson\u2019s anxiety scale (P-PAS)","volume":"32","author":"Alikhani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935429","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/935429","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the fatigue severity scale in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"2013","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001320","article-title":"Assessment of the minimum clinically important difference in the timed up and go test after surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease","volume":"80","author":"Gautschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.10.014","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of the multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form (MFSI-SF) for fatigue worsening in Asian breast cancer patients","volume":"55","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1813337","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of Parkinson's disease-cognitive rating scale in Iranian patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"44","author":"Mahmoudi Asl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2074152","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of the King's Parkinson's disease pain scale","volume":"45","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.12.014","article-title":"Quantifying success after total shoulder arthroplasty: the substantial clinical benefit","volume":"27","author":"Simovitch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.02.020","article-title":"Using the timed up & go test in a clinical setting to predict falling in Parkinson's disease","volume":"94","author":"Nocera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2254","article-title":"Assessing timed up and go in Parkinson's disease: reliability and validity of timed up and go assessment of biomechanical strategies","volume":"49","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004128","article-title":"External validation of the minimum clinically important difference in the timed-up-and-go test after surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease","volume":"47","author":"Maldaner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E378","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy286","article-title":"Clinimetric properties and minimal clinically important differences for a battery of gait, balance, and cognitive examinations for the tap test in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"84","author":"Gallagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122994","article-title":"Predicting post-surgical outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using clinically important changes from the cerebrospinal fluid tap test","volume":"460","author":"Gallagher","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew466","article-title":"Measuring acute postoperative pain using the visual analog scale: the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state","volume":"118","author":"Myles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.03.021","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain in patients treated for rotator cuff disease","volume":"18","author":"Tashjian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.02.065","article-title":"Outcomes vary significantly using a tiered approach to define success after Total knee arthroplasty","volume":"37","author":"Carender","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-023-00178-3","article-title":"Defining a successful total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of metrics of clinically important changes","volume":"5","author":"Beiene","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthroplasty"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25380","article-title":"A two-year randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance exercise for Parkinson's disease","volume":"28","author":"Corcos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.030","article-title":"Exercise-induced neuroplasticity in human Parkinson's disease: what is the evidence telling us?","volume":"22","author":"Hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918719","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/918719","article-title":"A review of dual-task walking deficits in people with Parkinson\u2032 s disease: motor and cognitive contributions, mechanisms, and clinical implications","volume":"2012","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.128","article-title":"Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease","volume":"13","author":"Mak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025090602270724100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21879","article-title":"The evolution of disability in Parkinson disease","volume":"23","author":"Shulman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/54\/9\/afaf241\/64165680\/afaf241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/54\/9\/afaf241\/64165680\/afaf241.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T06:27:47Z","timestamp":1757140067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaf241\/8244555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaf241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"article-number":"afaf241"}}