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The primary outcome was the decrease in severity of most bothersome symptom (MBS) between baseline and 12\u00a0weeks. Additional measures included a composite vaginal symptom index, vaginal health index, female sexual function index (FSFI) score, vaginal pH, vaginal maturation value, vaginal microecology, treatment satisfaction, meaningful benefit and treatment safety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited 105 participants, and 96 provided data for the study analysis. Three treatments had similar mean reductions in MBS severity over 12\u00a0weeks: MAP, \u22121.72 (95% CI, \u22121.91 to \u22121.53); promestriene, \u22121.55 (95% CI, \u22121.86 to \u22121.24) and placebo, \u22121.71 (95% CI, \u22121.95 to \u22121.48). Compared to the placebo, the MAP significantly improved the Satisfaction (P\u2009=\u2009.003) of the FSFI. In addition, the MAP and promestriene improved the vaginal microecology significantly. Adjusted for age and year after menopause, the mean reductions in MBS and the mean improvements in FSFI of MAP were comparable with promestriene (MBS, P\u2009=\u2009.410; FSFI, P\u2009=\u2009.233) but greater than the placebo (MBS, P\u2009=\u2009.028; FSFI, P\u2009=\u2009.046).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjusting for age and year after menopause, MAP demonstrates comparable efficacy to promestriene but superior effectiveness to placebo in alleviating postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:55:22Z","timestamp":1760032522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of vaginal mussel adhesive protein for treating postmenopausal vulvovaginal 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