{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:07:30Z","timestamp":1772042850577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["300654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding how long-term care (LTC) services affect care-related quality of life (CRQoL) and potential differences between LTC services is important, especially considering ageing in place policies. However, data on CRQoL is lacking. This study aims to investigate characteristics associated with CRQoL and compare CRQoL across service types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From October 2022 to January 2024, older adults in Norway were interviewed using ASCOT (Adult social care outcomes toolkit): 151 in nursing homes, 129 in sheltered housing and 134 in home-based services. Mixed effects models investigated associations between individual-, interpersonal- and care service characteristics and CRQoL, including specific domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age was positively associated with CRQoL, and men had lower cumulative odds of better CRQoL for social participation and control. Cognitive decline was associated with worse CRQoL for safety, social participation and control, while physical decline was associated with better CRQoL for safety. Frequent contact with friends was associated with better CRQoL for activity and social participation, and frequent contact with family was associated with better CRQoL for safety. However, frequent contact with friends was associated with worse CRQoL for safety, and frequent contact with family was associated with worse CRQoL for accommodation cleanliness and dignity. Home-based care recipients had significantly poorer control, safety and activity than sheltered housing residents, and had significantly poorer control than nursing home residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study revealed significant associations with individual and interpersonal characteristics and clear differences between service types. This information can help target quality improvement strategies toward groups with the lowest CRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afag039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:45:30Z","timestamp":1770900330000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and interpersonal factors associated with care-related quality of life in older adults: a comparison of home-based services, nursing homes and sheltered housing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Lisa Victoria","family":"Burrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences in Gj\u00f8vik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Gj\u00f8vik 2815 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Marie","family":"Towers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health & Social Care Workforce Research Unit, The Policy Institute, King's College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Veenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital , L\u00f8renskog, Akershus ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heath Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent , Canterbury, Kent ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maren Kristine Raknes","family":"Sogstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences in Gj\u00f8vik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Gj\u00f8vik 2815 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref1","volume-title":"Nasjonale Befolkningsframskrivinger, 2020\u20132100: Et Historisk Skifte: Snart Flere Eldre Enn Barn Og Unge [National Population Projections, 2020\u20132100: A Historical Change: Soon More Eldely than Children and Adolescents]","author":"Statistics Norway","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref2","first-page":"1507","volume-title":"Long-Term Care in Ageing Populations","author":"Barber","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref3","volume-title":"En Utvikling Som m\u00e5 Snus. Bemanning Og Kompetanse i Sykehjem Og Hjemmesykepleien","author":"Gautun","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-022-00703-4","article-title":"Revisiting the Nordic long-term care model for older people\u2014still equal?","volume":"19","author":"Rostgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/02763893.2019.1638875","article-title":"The landscape of \u201caging in place\u201d in gerontology literature: emergence, theoretical perspectives, and influencing factors","volume":"34","author":"Bigonnesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hous Elderly"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny127","article-title":"Care arrangements of older adults: what they prefer, what they have, and implications for quality of life","volume":"59","author":"Kasper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28099-8_2304-1","volume-title":"Person-Centered Care","author":"Garcia","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref8","article-title":"Norwegian translation and adaptation of the INT4 version of the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT)","author":"Sjetne"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Journal of Patient Reported Outcomes","author":"Veenstra","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-026-00997-3"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.31389\/jltc.356","article-title":"Quality of life in Norwegian long-term Care Services for Older Adults: an interview study using the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT)","author":"Burrell","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Long-Term Care"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16160","article-title":"Outcomes of social care for adults: developing a preference-weighted measure","volume":"16","author":"Netten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-025-03958-3","article-title":"Use of the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT) in research studies: an international scoping review","volume":"34","author":"Rand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X13000184","article-title":"Feeling in control: comparing older people's experiences in different care settings","volume":"34","author":"Callaghan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref14","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Special article: the quality of care: how can it be assessed?","volume":"121","author":"Donabedian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-17708-0","volume-title":"The Economics of Social Care","author":"Knapp","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12422","article-title":"Older people receiving family-based support in the community: a survey of quality of life among users of \u2018shared lives\u2019 in England","volume":"25","author":"Callaghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2406","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13681","article-title":"Social care-related quality of life of people with dementia and their carers in England","volume":"30","author":"Rand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1093-1","article-title":"A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between regulator quality ratings and care home residents' quality of life in England","volume":"17","author":"Towers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1651896","article-title":"The impact of education on subjective well-being: a meta-analysis based on 59 empirical studies","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242664","article-title":"Age patterns in subjective well-being are partially accounted for by psychological and social factors associated with aging","volume":"15","author":"Stone","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0312-4","article-title":"Differences in quality of life in home-dwelling persons and nursing home residents with dementia\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Olsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3612","article-title":"The impact of long-term care on quality of life","volume":"27","author":"Forder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-21","article-title":"An assessment of the construct validity of the ASCOT measure of social care-related quality of life with older people","volume":"10","author":"Malley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-10889-1","article-title":"Needs assessment in long-term care: expression of national principles for priority setting in service allocation","volume":"24","author":"Pedersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09641-y","article-title":"The influence of individual and municipality characteristics on allocation of long-term care services: a register-based cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Burrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948241251914","article-title":"Disability level and use of long-term care services in Norway: a nation wide registry study","volume":"53","author":"Burrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad168","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad168","article-title":"Measuring quality of life in care homes when self-report is challenging: the construct validity, structural characteristics and internal consistency of the mixed-methods adult social care outcomes toolkit","volume":"52","author":"Towers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref28","author":"The Norwegian Directorate of Health","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref29","volume-title":"International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: A Manual of Classification Relating to the Consequences of Disease","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1980"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref30","volume-title":"Anbefaling Fra Arbeidsgruppe for Revidering av samlem\u00e5l for Funksjon i KPR Helse Og Omsorg [Recommendation from the Working Group for Revision of Composite Measure for Function in NRPHC Health and Care]","author":"Bakken","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref31","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01533-7","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and construct validity of the German version of the adult social care outcomes toolkit for service users (German ASCOT)","volume":"18","author":"Trukeschitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0249-x","article-title":"Dutch translation and cross-cultural validation of the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT)","volume":"13","author":"Leeuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1128-7","article-title":"Japanese translation and cross-cultural validation of the adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT) in Japanese social service users","volume":"17","author":"Nakamura-Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13328","article-title":"Social care-related outcomes in Finland. Construct validity and structural characteristics of the Finnish ASCOT measure with older home care users","volume":"29","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112635","article-title":"What is the relationship between the quality of care experience and quality of life outcomes? Some evidence from long-term home care in England","volume":"243","author":"Malley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr09190","article-title":"Care home residents\u2019 quality of life and its association with CQC ratings and workforce issues: the MiCareHQ mixed-methods study","volume":"9","author":"Towers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Deliv Res"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-025-02356-0","article-title":"Construct validity of measures of care home resident quality of life: cross-sectional analysis using data from a pilot minimum data set in England","volume":"23","author":"Allan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00128-X","article-title":"Ageing and public satisfaction with the health service: an analysis of recent trends","volume":"57","author":"Calnan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230093","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-dn-2023-0093","article-title":"Quality of life in persons with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012211069449","article-title":"Methods and approaches for enhancing communication with people with moderate-to-severe dementia that can facilitate their inclusion in research and service evaluation: findings from the IDEAL programme","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dementia (London)"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2020.1863507","article-title":"Supported decision making with people at the margins of autonomy","volume":"21","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668696","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1668696","article-title":"The association between social capital and quality of life in old adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Buja","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610220001210","article-title":"Living alone, social cohesion, and quality of life among older adults in rural and urban China: a conditional process analysis","volume":"33","author":"Burnette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref45","author":"Ministry of Health and Care Services","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026022512183574600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928720974189","article-title":"Investigating factors influencing quality-of-life effects of home care services in Austria, England and Finland: a comparative analysis","volume":"31","author":"Trukeschitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Soc Policy"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/55\/2\/afag039\/67111828\/afag039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/55\/2\/afag039\/67111828\/afag039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:18:47Z","timestamp":1772039927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afag039\/8497560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afag039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"article-number":"afag039"}}