{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:24:44Z","timestamp":1791908684603,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of modifiable environmental factors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) risk remains poorly understood. Built environment features such as neighbourhood walkability (NW) may influence long-term cognitive health among women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The New York University Women\u2019s Health Study recruited 14\u2009273 cognitively healthy women aged 35\u201365\u00a0years between 1985 and 1991, with follow-up for over 30\u00a0years. We geocoded residential addresses for each participant to derive a validated four-item baseline NW measure and a two-item average annual NW index over the follow-up period. We conducted a nested case\u2013control study of 1865\u00a0AD cases identified via linkage to Medicare claims during follow-up matched to 3730 controls on age, race\/ethnicity and Medicare coverage using risk-set sampling. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for AD in relation to tertiles of NW measures, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses examined potential effect modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with women living in areas with the lowest baseline NW, those in the middle and highest tertiles had lower odds of having a diagnosis of AD during follow-up, with an OR of 0.95 (0.82\u20131.11) and 0.83 (0.71\u20130.98), respectively (P-trend\u2009=\u2009.03). Results were similar when using average annual NW. The association did not differ appreciably by age, smoking status, education or body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher midlife NW was associated with reduced odds of AD later in life. These findings highlight the potential for built environment interventions to promote cognitive health and support healthy ageing in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afag054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:01:31Z","timestamp":1774267291000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between midlife neighbourhood walkability and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in women: a prospective nested case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine , Mineola, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman 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