{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:44:06Z","timestamp":1791557046029,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investment PE8 \u2013 Project Age-It: \u2018Ageing Well in an Ageing Society\u2019","award":["DM 1557 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DM 1557 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"Next Generation EU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty reflects systemic vulnerability and is a major public health concern in ageing. This study examined how frailty relates to risk of death, hospitalisation and major chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from 20\u00a0975 adults (\u226535\u00a0years, 52% women) recruited in 2005\u201310 from the population-based Moli-sani Study (Italy) and followed for a median of 15\u00a0years. Frailty was assessed using a multidimensional 29-item frailty index (FI). Cox models accounting for competing risks estimated hazard ratios (HR) for 17 incident outcomes, adjusted for age, sex and common covariates, including social status indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty was associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes. Per 1-SD increase in FI, the risk of type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease rose by 82% (HR\u2009=\u20091.82; 95% confidence interval 1.73\u20131.92; 1541 events) and 33% (HR\u2009=\u20091.33; 1.23\u20131.44; 756). FI was also associated with an increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease (HR\u2009=\u20091.25; 1.05\u20131.47; 158) and non-Alzheimer dementia (HR\u2009=\u20091.31; 1.11\u20131.54; 150). Cancer associations varied by site. FI also predicted hospitalisations for any cause (HR\u2009=\u20091.31; 1.28\u20131.34; 11\u00a0193), and all-cause mortality (HR\u2009=\u20091.35; 1.30\u20131.40; 2631). Analyses comparing frail and prefrail with fit categories, excluding early events, and stratified by sex showed consistent results, with indications of somewhat stronger associations among individuals younger than 65\u00a0years in certain outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FI predicts a wide range of chronic diseases, especially cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative outcomes, and their negative consequences, including hospitalisation and mortality. These findings reinforce the importance of frailty assessment in preventive strategies, risk stratification and integrated surveillance in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afag091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1774869807000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frailty index predicts the risk of 17 health outcomes in distinct ways: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bracone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED , Pozzilli, Molise 86077 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"Di 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,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia","family":"De Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED , Pozzilli, Molise 86077 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Magnacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED , Pozzilli, Molise 86077 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Panzera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED , Pozzilli, Molise 86077 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabatino","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED , Pozzilli, Molise 86077 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0261-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cherubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics and Geriatrics Emergency Care, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS-INRCA) , Ancona ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Marche ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cerletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological 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