{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T04:22:25Z","timestamp":1787458945058,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSDR (NIHR134305)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSDR (NIHR134305)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research ARC Wessex"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ageing populations, frailty prevalence and associated demand for health and social care services are expected to increase. Whilst there is good evidence about the demand for primary and secondary care services, the estimated demand for community-based health and social care associated with frailty is not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate future demand for community-based health services and publicly funded social care for those aged \u226550 with frailty, in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of cohort data from North-West London provided rates of mental health, community health and publicly funded social care contacts among the population aged 50 and over, by age and electronic frailty index (eFI) categories. Using System Dynamics (SD) simulation modelling, mean service use and population estimates informed projections of national demand over 16 years (2025\u201340).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the simulation period, mental health, community health and publicly funded social care use are projected to increase by 16%, 30% and 30% respectively. Against baseline, lowering frailty incidence could reduce mental health, community health and local authority social care contacts by 1.4, 10 and 400 000 m respectively, between 2025 and 2040. Slowing frailty progression could reduce mental health, community health and social care contacts, compared with baseline, by 2.8, 45.3 and 2\u00a0m respectively over the same period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demand for community-based health and social care services will increase substantially as the population ages and becomes more frail. Reduced frailty incidence and progression could slow demand growth, but demand will continue to grow due to large numbers already living with mild to moderate frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afag256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:36:58Z","timestamp":1786448218000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community-based health and social care demand associated with frailty in people aged 50 and over in England 2025\u201340: routine data analyses and simulation modelling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bronagh","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton - School of Health Sciences , Southampton ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3000-6185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Fogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton - School of Health Sciences , Southampton ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton - School of Health Sciences , Southampton ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-8230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton - Southampton Business School , Southampton, Hampshire ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester ,","place":["England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton - School of Health Sciences , Southampton ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration , Wessex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Ann","family":"Fenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University Faculty of Health, Environment and Medical Sciences , Bournemouth ,","place":["England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulam","family":"Muktadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Health Partners , London ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Galimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Health Partners , London ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Barkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire and Isle of Wight Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsey","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS North West London ICB , London ,","place":["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref1","volume-title":"State of Health and Care of Older People in England 2024","author":"Age","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/LKJF3976","article-title":"Impact of frailty in older people on health care demand: simulation modelling of population dynamics to inform service planning","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Deliv Res"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afag109","article-title":"Projected trends in frailty prevalence and associated health service use and costs in the over-50s in England, 2025 to 2040: a simulation modelling study","volume":"55","author":"Walsh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref4","volume-title":"WHO Clinical Consortium on Healthy Ageing Topic Focus: Frailty and Intrinsic Capacity","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/themedreview-002370","volume-title":"Themed Review. Comprehensive Care. Older People Living with Frailty in Hospitals","author":"NIHR Dissemination Centre","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad058","article-title":"Frailty transitions and prevalence in an ageing population: longitudinal analysis of primary care data from an open cohort of adults aged 50 and over in England, 2006-2017","volume":"52","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae010","article-title":"Primary and secondary care service use and costs associated with frailty in an ageing population: longitudinal analysis of an English primary care cohort of adults aged 50 and over, 2006-2017","volume":"53","author":"Fogg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref8","first-page":"662","article-title":"The impact of frailty on healthcare resource use: a longitudinal analysis using the clinical practice research datalink in England","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30118-X","article-title":"Forecasting the care needs of the older population in England over the next 20 years: estimates from the population ageing and care simulation (PACSim) modelling study","volume":"3","author":"Kingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204655","article-title":"Cohort differences in the levels and trajectories of frailty among older people in England","volume":"69","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa023","article-title":"The politics of frailty","volume":"49","author":"Vernon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2019.204","article-title":"Variation in acute and community service provision of care of the elderly services across Scotland: findings from the Scottish Care of Older People (SCoOP) initial scoping survey","volume":"49","author":"Donaldson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref13","volume-title":"Health Workforce Policies in OECD Countries \u2013 Right Jobs, Right Skills Right Places","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref14","volume-title":"Health Workforce Planning in OECD Countries","author":"Ono","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref15","volume-title":"Best Practice Guide for NHS Frailty Pathways","author":"NHS England","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzx041","article-title":"Integrated care for older populations and its implementation facilitators and barriers: a rapid scoping review","volume":"29","author":"Threapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"International J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01455-5","article-title":"European collaborative and interprofessional capability framework for prevention and Management of Frailty-a consensus process supported by the joint action for frailty prevention (ADVANTAGE) and the European geriatric medicine society (EuGMS)","volume":"32","author":"Roller-Wirnsberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2012.6465275","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference","author":"BSS","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-007-9049-0","article-title":"Modelling of Hampshire adult services--gearing up for future demands","volume":"11","author":"Desai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref20","article-title":"Key areas for action on the health and care workforce","author":"Beech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Full report The Kings Fund The Health Foundation Nuffield Trust"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref21","author":"UK Government","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1355819617752971","article-title":"Moving upstream in health promoting policies for older people with early frailty in England? A policy analysis","volume":"23","author":"Drennan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1727(199923)15:3<293::AID-SDR169>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Using system dynamics to help develop and implement policies and programmes in health care in England","volume":"15","author":"Royston","year":"1999","journal-title":"System Dynamics Review"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600892","article-title":"Looking in the wrong place for healthcare improvements: a system dynamics study of an accident and emergency department","volume":"51","author":"Lane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4627-7","article-title":"Mathematical modelling for health systems research: a systematic review of system dynamics and agent-based models","volume":"19","author":"Cassidy","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.062059","article-title":"System dynamics modeling for public health: background and opportunities","volume":"96","author":"Homer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref27","volume-title":"Discover-NOW - London Secure Data Environment","author":"Discover-NOW","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref28","author":"Health Data Research UK","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using routine health care data to develop and validate a system dynamics simulation model of frailty trajectories in an ageing population","volume":"2025","author":"England","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Systems"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw039","article-title":"Development and validation of an electronic frailty index using routine primary care electronic health record data","volume":"45","author":"Clegg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.13118","article-title":"Trends in mental health service utilisation by Australia's older population","volume":"42","author":"Bartholomaeus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref32","volume-title":"Frailty: Ensuring the Best Outcomes for Frail Older People","author":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref33","volume-title":"Older people\u2019s Mental Health","author":"NHS England","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref34","first-page":"44","article-title":"Impact of frailty in older people on health care demand: simulation modelling of population dynamics to inform service planning","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health and Social Care Delivery Research"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2019.37","article-title":"The influence of lifestyle behaviors on the incidence of frailty","volume":"9","author":"Borda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003382","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Apostolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab292","article-title":"A Mediterranean lifestyle and frailty incidence in older adults: the seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort","volume":"77","author":"Maroto-Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1166-1","article-title":"Exercise and\/or dietary varieties and incidence of frailty in community-dwelling older women: a 2-year cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Osuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020-0323","article-title":"Evidence on physical activity and the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia among older people: a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization physical activity guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1089-2","article-title":"Pre frail 80: multifactorial intervention to prevent progression of pre-frailty to frailty in the elderly","volume":"22","author":"Gen\u00e9 Huguet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02335-w","article-title":"The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions to manage frailty in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Kasa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref42","first-page":"383","article-title":"Interventions to prevent or reduce the level of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review of the literature and international policies","volume":"46","author":"Puts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf124","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of frailty amongst middle-aged and older adults conveyed to hospital by ambulance between 2010 and 2017 in Wales","volume":"54","author":"Fogg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02767-4","article-title":"The utilization of primary healthcare services among frail older adults - findings from the Helsinki birth cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Ikonen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01800-8","article-title":"Frailty and healthcare utilisation across care settings among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore","volume":"20","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13301.1","article-title":"Informing patterns of health and social care utilisation in Irish older people according to the clinical frailty scale","volume":"4","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2021","journal-title":"HRB Open Res"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.01.082","article-title":"Frailty predicts increased health care utilization among community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study in China","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0727-9","article-title":"Use of health resources and healthcare costs associated with frailty: the FRADEA study","volume":"21","author":"Garc\u00eda-Nogueras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref49","article-title":"Chief Medical Officer's Annual Report 2023","author":"Whitty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health in an Ageing Society"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e079389","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-079389","article-title":"NHS and the whole of society must act on social determinants of health for a healthier future","volume":"385","author":"Hiam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bmj."},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref51","volume-title":"Primary and Community Healthcare Support for People Living with Frailty","author":"National Audit Office","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref52","volume-title":"Planning for Frailty: Optimal Health and Social Care Workforce Organisation Using Demand-Led Simulation Modelling (FLOWS)","author":"Walsh","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf077","article-title":"Development and external validation of the electronic frailty index 2 using routine primary care electronic health record data","volume":"54","author":"Best","year":"2025","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000024","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci-2019-000024","article-title":"Large retrospective analysis on frailty assessment in primary care: electronic frailty index versus frailty coding","volume":"26","author":"Millares-Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Health & Care Informatics"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000682","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000682","article-title":"Testing a proactive approach to frailty identification: the electronic frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Devereux","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Quality"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy181","article-title":"The electronic frailty index as an indicator of community healthcare service utilisation in the older population","volume":"48","author":"Boyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100089","article-title":"The influence of ethnicity on frailty in a United Kingdom (UK) population","volume":"14","author":"Heald","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref58","volume-title":"Social Care 360: Access","author":"The King's Fund","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref59","volume-title":"Care Homes and Estimating the Self-Funding Population, England: 2022 to 2023","author":"Office for National Office Statistics OfN","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026082300184668500_ref60","volume-title":"Fixing Social Care: The Six Key Problems and How to Tackle Them","author":"Bottery","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/55\/8\/afag256\/70765160\/afag256.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/55\/8\/afag256\/70765160\/afag256.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T04:19:00Z","timestamp":1787458740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afag256\/8768850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afag256","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"article-number":"afag256"}}