{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:39:14Z","timestamp":1785861554120,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>this study compares diuresis rate, sodium clearance and free water clearance (FWC) by age and time of day (nighttime vs. daytime) in subjects with and without nocturnal polyuria (NP) to determine whether these variables affect the phenotype of NP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>post hoc analysis of two prospective observational studies. Eight urine samples collected at 3-h intervals and a single blood sample were used to calculate daytime (10a\/1p\/4p\/7p\/10p) and nighttime (1a\/4a\/7a) diuresis rates, sodium clearance and FWC. Three mixed linear models were constructed for diuresis rate, sodium clearance and FWC using four predictor variables: NP status (present [nocturnal urine production &amp;gt;90\u00a0ml\/h] vs. absent [\u226490\u00a0ml\/h]), time of day, age and study identification.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>subjects with NP experienced higher nighttime versus daytime diuresis rates, sodium clearance and FWC. Regardless of NP status, increased age was accompanied by an increase in the ratio of nighttime\/daytime diuresis rate, nighttime sodium clearance and daytime sodium clearance. FWC showed a complex age effect, which was independent of time of day or NP status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>age-related increases in nighttime\/daytime diuresis rate, 24-h sodium clearance and 24-h FWC are not specific to subjects with NP. The age-related surge in either nocturnal sodium clearance or nocturnal FWC may represent the relevant substrate for behavioural or pharmacologic interventions targeting sodium diuresis or free water diuresis, respectively. Increases in FWC in older age groups may reflect impaired circadian rhythmicity of endogenous AVP or changes in responsiveness of the aged nephron to water clearance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1577880565000},"page":"439-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phenotyping nocturnal polyuria: circadian and age-related variations in diuresis rate, free water clearance and sodium clearance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Thomas F","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald L","family":"Bliwise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Astrid","family":"Denys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Sofie","family":"Goessaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Decalf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candy","family":"Kumps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Vande Walle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Weedon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Lazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Everaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10053","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in nocturia: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the international continence society","volume":"21","author":"van Kerrebroeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.01.019","article-title":"What is the most bothersome lower urinary tract symptom? Individual- and population-level perspectives for both men and women","volume":"65","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08427.x","article-title":"The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the USA, the UK and Sweden: results from the epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study","volume":"104","author":"Coyne","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.043","article-title":"Nocturnal polyuria: it\u2019s all about definition, and be patient","volume":"63","author":"Madersbacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.04.011","article-title":"The prevalence and causes of nocturia","volume":"184","author":"Bosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22724","article-title":"Nocturia is associated with loss of deep sleep independently from sleep apnea","volume":"34","author":"Bliwise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurourol Neurodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4364","article-title":"Short time to first void is associated with lower whole-night sleep quality in nocturia patients","volume":"11","author":"Bliwise","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.08317.x","article-title":"Lower urinary tract symptoms increase the risk of falls in older men","volume":"104","author":"Parsons","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20712","article-title":"Nocturia is an age-independent risk factor for hip-fractures in men","volume":"28","author":"Temml","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.07.004","article-title":"A contemporary assessment of nocturia: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management--a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Cornu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22638","article-title":"Exploring nocturia: gender, age, and causes","volume":"34","author":"Goessaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref12","first-page":"526","article-title":"Solute and water excretion patterns in patients with nocturnal polyuria","volume":"2","author":"Herek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref13","volume-title":"Online Curricula: Geriatric Nephrology","author":"Miller","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22594","article-title":"Renal physiology of nocturia","volume":"33","author":"Verbalis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.09.003","article-title":"Diagnosing the pathophysiologic mechanisms of nocturnal polyuria","volume":"67","author":"Goessaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22592","article-title":"Management of nocturia: the role of antidiuretic pharmacotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Weiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13027","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13027","article-title":"A practical approach to the management of nocturia","volume":"71","author":"Oelke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e698","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(17)30463-3","article-title":"Effect of restricted salt intake on nocturia","volume":"16","author":"Tomohiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13431","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms in older patients with urinary incontinence","volume":"24","author":"Denys","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.004","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and resolution of nocturnal polyuria in a longitudinal community-based study in older men: the Krimpen study","volume":"63","author":"van Doorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558","article-title":"Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood","volume":"53","author":"Kenward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2729-3","article-title":"The pathophysiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with special emphasis on the circadian rhythm of renal physiology","volume":"175","author":"Dossche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.05.083","article-title":"Excessive nocturnal urine production is a major contributing factor to the etiology of nocturia","volume":"186","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.103","article-title":"Abnormal sleep architecture and refractory nocturnal enuresis","volume":"182","author":"Dhondt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3785-7","volume-title":"Principles of Renal Physiology","author":"Lote","year":"2012","edition":"5th"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht466","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases: current use and perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Volpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23832","article-title":"Etiology of nocturia response in men with diminished bladder capacity","volume":"38","author":"Epstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11884-017-0412-9","article-title":"Nocturia: evaluation and management","volume":"12","author":"Epstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.09.002","article-title":"Abnormalities of water homeostasis in aging","volume":"34","author":"Hodak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"2020042810255860400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02915.x","article-title":"Aging and disturbances of thirst and fluid balance","volume":"48","author":"Rolls","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"}],"container-title":["Age and Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/439\/33137813\/afz200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/439\/33137813\/afz200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1588084208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article\/49\/3\/439\/5733081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afz200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-0729","1468-2834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-0729","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]}}}