{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:16:02Z","timestamp":1789884962546,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,8,1]],"date-time":"1981-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":365472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,8,1]],"date-time":"1981-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":365472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T05:51:37Z","timestamp":1516168297000},"page":"1534-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Essential fatty acid deficiency in malnourished children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"R T","family":"Holman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S B","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Itarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"De Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40341-4","article-title":"The effect of dose level of essential fatty acids upon fatty acid composition of the rat liver","volume":"4","author":"Mohrhauer","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"part 2","key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.31.1.171","article-title":"Role of linoleic acid in infant nutrition. Clinical and chemical study of 428 infants fed on milk mixtures varying in kind and amount of fat","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.5.640","article-title":"Rapid onset of essential fatty acid deficiency in the newborn","volume":"58","author":"Friedman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.9.897","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding","volume":"25","author":"Paulsrud","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/251719a0","article-title":"Essential fatty acids in cystic fibrosis","volume":"251","author":"Rosenlund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.57.4.480","article-title":"Abnormal fatty acid composition and impaired oxygen supply in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"57","author":"Campbell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.1.1","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status in cystic fibrosis and the effects of safflower oil supplementation","volume":"34","author":"Lloyd-Still","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/89.4.477","article-title":"Fatty acid changes in liver produced by protein deficiency and by methionine or cystine fed to rats in a protein-free ration","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.4.595","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein and EFA deficiency on liver \u03945, \u03946 and \u03949 desaturases activities in the early developing rats","volume":"110","author":"De Tomas","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib10","unstructured":"Mercuri O, De Tomas ME, harte H. Prenatal protein depletion and \u03949. \u03946 and \u03945 desaturases in the rat. Lipids (in press)."},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.5.1057","article-title":"The effect of dietary protein level upon essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency","volume":"110","author":"Hill","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93276-5","article-title":"Note on the assessment and classification of protein-energy malnutrition in children","volume":"2","author":"Waterlow","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.12.2390","article-title":"The effect of sex and age on fatty acid composition of human serum lipids","volume":"32","author":"Holman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib14","series-title":"Progress in the chemistry of fats and other lipids","first-page":"275","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency","author":"Holman","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib15","series-title":"Handbook series in nutrition and food, section E, nutritional disorders","first-page":"335","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in humans","author":"Holman","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib16","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the rat","volume":"31","author":"Sprecher","year":"1972","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/70.3.405","article-title":"The ratio of trienoic:tetraenoic acids in tissue lipids as a measure of essential fatty acid requirement","volume":"70","author":"Holman","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib18","series-title":"Progress in the chemistry of fats and other lipids","first-page":"159","article-title":"The metabolism of the polyunsaturated fatty acids","author":"Mead","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(68)90067-2","article-title":"The preferred metabolic pathway from linoleic to arachidonic acid in vitro","volume":"164","author":"Marcel","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/20.3.226","article-title":"Fatty acid absorption and metabolism in protein-caloric malnutrition","volume":"20","author":"Underwood","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5631.608","article-title":"Diarrhoea in Kwashiorkor","volume":"4","author":"Wharton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80539-0","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in an infant receiving prolonged parenteral alimentation","volume":"81","author":"Caldwell","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(62)90041-4","article-title":"Phospholipid metabolism in essential fatty acid deficient rats","volume":"9","author":"Collins","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/14.2.70","article-title":"The essential fatty acid requirement of infants and the assessment of their dietary intake of linoleate by serum fatty acid analyses","volume":"14","author":"Holman","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000176156","article-title":"Metabolism of essential fatty acids in the human fetus and neonate","volume":"21","author":"Crawford","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534_bib26","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Dietary fats and oils in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation jointly organized by FAO and WHO, Rome, Italy, September 21-30, 1977. (FAO Nutrition Paper no. 3.)"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523430365?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523430365?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/34\/8\/1534\/24156984\/1534.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T23:10:15Z","timestamp":1718406615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523430365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523430365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in malnourished children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/34.8.1534","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1981 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}