{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:25:00Z","timestamp":1791113100039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,8,1]],"date-time":"1988-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":586396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:30:44Z","timestamp":1515414644000},"page":"220-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Essential fatty acid deficiency in premature infants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"PM","family":"Farrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GR","family":"Gutcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Palta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"DeMets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950020112","article-title":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute symposium report: nutrition and infant lung functions.","volume":"2","author":"Farrell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib2","series-title":"Vitamin and mineral requirements in preterm infants.","first-page":"63","article-title":"Fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and K in the premature infant.","author":"Farrell","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198508000-00019","article-title":"Early correction of vitamin E deficiency in premature infants.","volume":"4","author":"Gutcher","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Oastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.5.640","article-title":"Rapid onset of essential fatty acid deficiency in the newborn.","volume":"58","author":"Friedman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.63.6.855","article-title":"Abnormal lung surfactant related to essential fatty acid deficiency in a neonate.","volume":"63","author":"Friedman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198406000-00024","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status ofthe premature infant during short-term fat-free parenteral nutrition.","volume":"3","author":"Cooke","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.12.2390","article-title":"Effect ofsex and age on fatty acid composition of human serum mpids.","volume":"32","author":"Holman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.8.1695","article-title":"Effects ofdietary essential fatty acid concentration upon prostanoid synthesis in rats.","volume":"110","author":"Dupont","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(76)90206-X","article-title":"Alterations in phosphatidylcholinespeciesand theirreversal in pulmonary surfactant during essential fatty-acid deficiency.","volume":"431","author":"Kyriakides","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acts"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80734-9","article-title":"A simplified score for assessment offetal maturation of newly born infants.","volume":"95","author":"Ballard","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1078","article-title":"An evaluation ofvitamin E status in premature infants.","volume":"40","author":"Gutcher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80259-2","article-title":"Early versus late treatment of neonatal acidosis in low-birthweight infants: relation to respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"81","author":"Hobel","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198201030-00006","article-title":"Changes in the lipids ofhuman milk from 2-16 weeks postpartum.","volume":"1","author":"Clark","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198501000-00028","article-title":"Fatty acid abnormalities in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"19","author":"Farrell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.10.1670","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency induced by total parenteral nutrition and by mediumchain triglyceride feeding.","volume":"30","author":"Hirono","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91746-4","article-title":"Abnormal levels ofprostaglandins and fatty acids in blood of children with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"2","author":"Chase","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method oftotal mpid extraction and purification.","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67936-6","article-title":"The role ofpolyamines in the neutralization of bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid.","volume":"235","author":"Ames","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(69)14046-X","article-title":"Preparation of lipid extracts.","volume":"14","author":"Radin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib20","series-title":"Statistical methods.","author":"Snedecor","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1983.10477015","article-title":"Empirical Bayes estimation ofrates in longitudinal studies.","volume":"78","author":"Hui","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780060509","article-title":"Some considerations in the analysis ofrates of change in longitudinal studies.","volume":"6","author":"Palta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.1.26","article-title":"Dccreased oxygenation and hyperlipemiaduring intravenous fat infusions in premature infants.","volume":"66","author":"Pereira","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81000-1","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in the neonate II The effect ofintralipid on bilirubin binding in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"88","author":"Andrew","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02537290","article-title":"Effects ofparenteral nutrition with high doses oflinoleate on the developing human liver and brain.","volume":"2","author":"Martinez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198510000-00020","article-title":"Safflower oil emulsion administration during parenteral nutrition in the preterm infant. 1 Effect on essential fatty acid status.","volume":"4","author":"Cooke","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Oastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib27","first-page":"271","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in total parenteral nutrition: time course of developmentand suggestions fortherapy.","volume":"84","author":"Goodgame","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib28","first-page":"405","article-title":"The ratio oftrienoic:tetraenoic acids in tissue lipids as a measure of essential fatty acid requirement.","volume":"70","author":"Holman","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib29","first-page":"611","article-title":"Biological activities ofand requirements for polyunsaturated acids.","volume":"9","author":"Holman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.6.798","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or formula.","volume":"44","author":"Carlson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib31","first-page":"517","article-title":"Transfer of fatty acid across the cat placenta.","volume":"6","author":"Elphick","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Develop Physiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000241174","article-title":"Synthesis farachidonic acid in human placenta in vivo.","volume":"35","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biol Neonat"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.3.590","article-title":"Decreased formation of prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid by dietary linolenate in rats.","volume":"33","author":"Hwang","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib34","first-page":"198","article-title":"Rational use ofintravenous fat emulsions.","volume":"38","author":"Pelham","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(81)90016-5","article-title":"Fatty acid utilization in perinatal de novo synthesis oftissues.","volume":"5","author":"Clandinin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198504000-00691","article-title":"Correction of biochemical indices of essential fatty acid deficiency with intravenous fat in sick premature infants.","volume":"19","author":"Outcher","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523163623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523163623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/48\/2\/220\/23279224\/220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T03:47:25Z","timestamp":1686282445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523163623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523163623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in premature infants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/48.2.220","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1988 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}