{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:23:56Z","timestamp":1773152636226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]],"date-time":"1992-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":704678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T18:36:17Z","timestamp":1515177377000},"page":"918-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Body composition in growth hormone-deficient adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Binnerts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Deurenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GR","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JH","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S W J","family":"Lamberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110164","article-title":"Impaired growth hormone secretion in the adult population","volume":"67","author":"Rudman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-35-5-665","article-title":"Age-related change in the twenty-four hour spontaneous secretion of growth hormone","volume":"35","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-37-1-11","article-title":"Effect of age on growth hormone secretion in man","volume":"37","author":"Dudl","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Gin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-3-513","article-title":"The influence of age on the 24-hour integrated concentration of growth hormone in normal individuals","volume":"60","author":"Zadik","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-3-535","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in healthy individuals","volume":"65","author":"Lang","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010888","article-title":"The influence of age on human pancreatic growth hormone releasing hormone stimulated growth hormone secretion","volume":"20","author":"Lang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-3-595","article-title":"Responses of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin-C to GH- releasing hormone in healthy aging men","volume":"62","author":"Pavlov","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-1-212","article-title":"Age-related changes in plasma growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor in man","volume":"58","author":"Shibasaki","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Gin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/28.4.431","article-title":"Growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycemia in the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Kalk","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/30.5.546","article-title":"Human growth hormone and cortisol response to insulin stimulation in aging","volume":"30","author":"Muggeo","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib11","first-page":"193","article-title":"Increased myocardial contractility following growth hormone administration in normal man","volume":"35","author":"Thuesen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92290-3","article-title":"Cardiac failure responding to growth hormone administration","volume":"1","author":"Cuneo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1981.tb02018.x","article-title":"Kidney function and size in normal subjects before and during growth hormone administration for one week","volume":"11","author":"Christiansen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Gin Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.65","article-title":"The delayed effect of growth hormone on renal function in humans","volume":"35","author":"Hirschberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90222-0","article-title":"Growth hormone, lymphocytes and macrophages","volume":"38","author":"Kelley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90236-8","article-title":"Exogenous growth hormone treatment alters body composition and increases natural killer cell activity in women with impaired endogenous growth hormone secretion","volume":"36","author":"Crist","year":"1987","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-2-115","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Davidson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000181579","article-title":"Growth hormone and body composition","volume":"33","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib19","first-page":"1105","article-title":"The educational, vocational and marital status of growth hormone-deficient adults treated with growth hormone during childhood","volume":"39","author":"Dean","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib20","series-title":"Human growth hormone","first-page":"93","article-title":"Psychological impact of longterm growth hormone therapy","author":"Blizzard","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1987.tb01144.x","article-title":"The impact of longterm therapy by a multidisciplinary team on the education, occupation and marital status of growth hormone deficient patients after termination of therapy","volume":"27","author":"Galatzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.4.810","article-title":"Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body","volume":"41","author":"Lukaski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.4.1327","article-title":"Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition","volume":"60","author":"Lukaski","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.3.417","article-title":"Estimation of total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis","volume":"44","author":"Kushner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Gin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.1.7","article-title":"Lean body mass estimation by bioelectrical impedance analysis: a four site cross-validation study","volume":"47","author":"Segal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.1.33","article-title":"Changes in fat-free mass during weight loss measured by bioelectrical impedance and by densitometry","volume":"49","author":"Deurenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib27","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Determination of body water content using trace levels of deuteriumoxide and infrared spectrophotometry","volume":"14","author":"Stansell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.2.363","article-title":"A simple, inexpensive method of determining total body water using tracer dose of D2O and infrared absorption of biological fluids","volume":"41","author":"Lukaski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.12.2686","article-title":"Total body water measurement in humans with ,8O and 2H labeled water","volume":"33","author":"Schoeller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib30","first-page":"685","article-title":"Studies on body composition","volume":"158","author":"Pace","year":"1945","journal-title":"The body water and chemically combined nitrogen content in relation to fat content. J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3110-5.50011-X","article-title":"The gross composition of the body","volume":"4","author":"Siri","year":"1956","journal-title":"Adv Biol Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib32","series-title":"Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods","author":"Kleinbaum","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.46.250.745","article-title":"EfTect of human growth hormone treatment for 1 to 7 years on growth of 100 children, with growth hormone deficiency, low birthweight, inherited smallness, Turner\u2019s Syndrome and other complaints","volume":"46","author":"Tanner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib34","first-page":"241","article-title":"Effect of HGH on body composition of hypopituitary dwarfs","volume":"47","author":"Novak","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(73)90072-3","article-title":"Body composition changes in children receiving human growth hormone","volume":"22","author":"Collipp","year":"1973","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib36","first-page":"681","article-title":"Comparative rapidity of response of height, limb muscle and limb fat to treatment with human growth hormone in patients with and without growth hormone deficiency","volume":"4","author":"Tanner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(79)90212-9","article-title":"Body composition in hypopituitary dwarfs before and during human growth hormone therapy","volume":"28","author":"Parra","year":"1979","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib38","first-page":"220","article-title":"Effects of human pituitary growth hormone on body composition","volume":"30","author":"van","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92328-3","article-title":"Beneficial effects of human growth hormone treatment in GH deficient adults","volume":"1","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212605","article-title":"The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"321","author":"Salomon","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb17103.x","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in adults an indication for therapy?","volume":"331","author":"Preece","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib42","first-page":"845","article-title":"Body impedance is largely dependent on the intra- and extra-cellular water distribution","volume":"43","author":"Deurenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.1.3","article-title":"Assessment of body composition by bioelectrical impedance in a population aged 60 y","volume":"51","author":"Deurenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102977","article-title":"Body water and sodium in patients with acromegaly","volume":"33","author":"Ikkos","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01272.x","article-title":"Body composition in acromegaly: the effect of treatment","volume":"31","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib46","first-page":"88","article-title":"Positive nitrogen balance with human growth hormone and hypocaloric feeding","volume":"100","author":"Manson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-1-54","article-title":"Treatment of obese, diet-restricted subjects with growth hormone for 11 weeks: effects on anabolism, lipolysis and body composition","volume":"67","author":"Snyder","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523316745?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523316745?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/55\/5\/918\/23228238\/918.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T07:08:13Z","timestamp":1686294493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523316745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523316745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Body composition in growth hormone-deficient adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.918","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1992 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}