{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:40:33Z","timestamp":1791160833440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8245,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T20:29:25Z","timestamp":1519158565000},"page":"455-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Bioconversion of plant carotenoids to vitamin A in Filipino school-aged children varies inversely with vitamin A status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Judy D","family":"Ribaya-Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentino S","family":"Solon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes A","family":"Solon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn A","family":"Cabal-Barza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine S","family":"Perfecto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangwen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio A","family":"Solon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla R","family":"Fjeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.5.1058","article-title":"Orange fruit is more effective than are dark-green, leafy vegetables in increasing serum concentrations of retinol and \u03b2-carotene in schoolchildren in Indonesia","volume":"68","author":"de Pee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.5.913","article-title":"Bioavailability of \u03b2-carotene is lower in raw than in processed carrots and spinach in women","volume":"128","author":"Rock","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/65.1.115","article-title":"Carotene balances in boys in Ruanda where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent","volume":"65","author":"Roels","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib4","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effect of dietary fat on absorption of beta-carotene from green leafy vegetables in children","volume":"71","author":"Jayarayan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.623","article-title":"Serum retinol concentrations in children are affected by food sources of \u03b2-carotene, fat intake, and anthelmintic drug treatment","volume":"68","author":"Jalal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.8.1549","article-title":"Children\u2019s consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables with added fat enhances serum retinol","volume":"129","author":"Takyi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/103.2.202","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein on the intestinal biosynthesis of retinol from 14C- \u03b2-carotene in rats","volume":"103","author":"Kamath","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1139\/y63-065","article-title":"Vitamin A and carotene utilization in protein-deprived rats","volume":"41","author":"Mathews","year":"1963","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/26.9.973","article-title":"Serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, and prealbumin concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. I. A functional defect in hepatic retinol release","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64366-2","article-title":"The conversion of radioactive \u03b2-carotene into vitamin A by the rat intestine in vivo","volume":"236","author":"Olson","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/90.2.117","article-title":"Influence of dietary vitamin A on carotenoid utilization, nitrogen retention and energy utilization by the chick","volume":"90","author":"Dua","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19860091","article-title":"Carotene dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.21) activity in rat intestine: effects of vitamin A deficiency and of pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Villard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.2.499","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene absorption and cleavage in rats is affected by the vitamin A concentration of the diet","volume":"126","author":"van Vliet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib14","first-page":"186","article-title":"Beta-carotene metabolism: the enzymatic cleavage to retinal","volume":"53","author":"van Vliet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Voeding"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/100.3.300","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein on the enzyme from rat and human intestine which converts \u03b2-carotene to retinal","volume":"100","author":"Gronowska-Senger","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.1.110","article-title":"Absorption of \u03b2-carotene from green leafy vegetables in undernourished children","volume":"23","author":"Lala","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26161.x","article-title":"Effects of nutritional status on carotene uptake and bioconversion","volume":"691","author":"Solomons","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib18","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status","volume":"73","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.4.713","article-title":"Vitamin A concentrations in liver determined by isotope dilution assay with tetradeuterated vitamin A and by biopsy in generally healthy adult humans","volume":"49","author":"Furr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib20","first-page":"99","article-title":"Method for the assessment of vitamin A liver stores","volume":"31","author":"Bausch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Vitaminol Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.90","article-title":"Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A","volume":"68","author":"Haskell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.278","article-title":"Assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in Guatemalan elderly by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method","volume":"69","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib23","series-title":"Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among rural schoolchildren (6\u201316 y old), Sto. Tomas, Batangas, 1993. NCP Annual Report, 1994.","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib24","series-title":"ICEPO training manual: assessment of vitamin A status by impression cytology.","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.382","article-title":"Evaluation of Kato\u2019s thick smear technique for quantitative diagnosis of helminth infections","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib26","series-title":"The Philippine food tables.","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib27","series-title":"Recommended dietary allowances.","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.1.62","article-title":"Significance of postprandial blood concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein, and carotenoids when assessing the vitamin A status of children","volume":"39","author":"Mejia","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.4.665","article-title":"Dietary \u03b2-carotene absorption and metabolism in ferrets and rats","volume":"119","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(93)90021-N","article-title":"Serum carotenoids and retinoids in ferrets fed canthaxanthin","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(98)00026-6","article-title":"Deuterium enrichment of retinol in humans determined by gas chromatography electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib32","series-title":"Anthropometric tables and charts for Filipino children.","author":"Florentino","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.1.129","article-title":"Role of vitamin A in the absorption, retention and distribution of iron in the rat","volume":"109","author":"Mejia","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.1.87","article-title":"The effect of vitamin A fortification of sugar on iron metabolism in preschool children in Guatemala","volume":"36","author":"Mejia","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92246-P","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamin A and iron for nutritional anaemia in pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia","volume":"342","author":"Suharno","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib36","series-title":"Clinical guide to laboratory tests.","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.8.1265","article-title":"Prediction of liver vitamin A in rats by an oral isotope dilution technique","volume":"124","author":"Adams","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.4.694","article-title":"Variation in retinol utilization rate with vitamin A status in the rat","volume":"117","author":"Green","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.5.933","article-title":"Liver vitamin A levels in rats are predicted by a modified isotope dilution technique","volume":"123","author":"Duncan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib40","first-page":"229","article-title":"Effect of supplementation with vitamin A or plant carotenes on plasma retinol levels among young Egyptian males","volume":"59","author":"Hussein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Vit Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib41","series-title":"Indian National Institute of Nutrition. Carotene rich foods for combating vitamin A deficiency.","first-page":"39","article-title":"Bio-availability of beta-carotene from green leafy vegetables","author":"Reddy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(88)80113-1","article-title":"Serum carotenoids and retinol of human subjects consuming carrot juice","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.6.1120","article-title":"Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and \u03b2-carotene supplements in men","volume":"55","author":"Micozzi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26182.x","article-title":"Variability of serum carotenoids in response to controlled diets containing six servings of fruits and vegetables per day","volume":"691","author":"Bowen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1369","article-title":"Plasma response of children to short-term chronic \u03b2-carotene supplementation","volume":"59","author":"Bulux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92111-7","article-title":"Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables","volume":"346","author":"de Pee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.594","article-title":"Human plasma carotenoid response to the ingestion of controlled diets high in fruits and vegetables","volume":"64","author":"Yeum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523067199?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523067199?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/72\/2\/455\/23961124\/455.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:43:43Z","timestamp":1686278623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523067199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523067199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bioconversion of plant carotenoids to vitamin A in Filipino school-aged children varies inversely with vitamin A status","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2000 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}