{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:17:17Z","timestamp":1791062237888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7819,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T20:42:30Z","timestamp":1519159350000},"page":"543-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Prenatal undernutrition, postnatal environments, and antibody response to vaccination in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Thomas W","family":"McDade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda A","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S","family":"Adair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib1","series-title":"Mothers, babies and diseases in later life.","author":"Barker","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950115","article-title":"In utero programming of chronic disease","volume":"95","author":"Barker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Colch)"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib3","first-page":"S72","article-title":"Fetal growth and adult disease","volume":"52","author":"Leon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19980038","article-title":"Nutrition, immunity and the fetal and infant origins of disease hypothesis in developing countries","volume":"57","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib5","first-page":"241","article-title":"Defective immunocompetence in foetal undernutrition","volume":"31","author":"Moscatelli","year":"1976","journal-title":"Helv Paediatr Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5971.583","article-title":"Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children","volume":"2","author":"Chandra","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib7","first-page":"450","article-title":"Fetal malnutrition and postnatal immunocompetence","volume":"129","author":"Chandra","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.3.407","article-title":"Serum thymic hormone activity and cell-mediated immunity in healthy neonates, preterm infants, and small-for-gestational age infants","volume":"67","author":"Chandra","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80599-X","article-title":"Prolonged impairment of cellular immunity in children with intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"93","author":"Ferguson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib10","first-page":"41","article-title":"Thymus size in infants from birth until 24 months of age evaluated by ultrasound","volume":"40","author":"Hasselbalch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123244","article-title":"Gestational zinc deprivation in mice: persistence of immunodeficiency for three generations","volume":"281","author":"Beach","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179211","article-title":"Antibody formation in first and second generation offspring of nutritionally deprived rats","volume":"190","author":"Chandra","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib13","first-page":"247","article-title":"Fetal growth and autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"86","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00968.x","article-title":"Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life","volume":"24","author":"Godfrey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/41245","article-title":"Season of birth predicts mortality in rural Gambia","volume":"338","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.6.1088","article-title":"Prenatal or early postnatal events predict infectious deaths in young adulthood in rural Africa","volume":"28","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115857","article-title":"Underlying and proximate determinants of child health: the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study","volume":"133","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-197409000-00029","article-title":"Analyses of birth weight, gestational age and fetal viability, U.S. births, 1968","volume":"29","author":"Hoffman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib19","first-page":"613","article-title":"Low birth weight and intra-uterine growth retardation in Filipino infants","volume":"84","author":"Adair","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.6.874","article-title":"Breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity","volume":"86","author":"Popkin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80734-9","article-title":"A simplified score for assessment of fetal maturation in newly born infants","volume":"95","author":"Ballard","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710293171801","article-title":"Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi","volume":"317","author":"Acharya","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(88)90175-2","article-title":"Persistence of antibody titres three years after vaccination with Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever","volume":"6","author":"Tacket","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7204.245","article-title":"Fetal origins of adult disease\u2014the hypothesis revisited","volume":"319","author":"Lucas","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)80008-X","article-title":"Give us this day our daily germs","volume":"19","author":"Rook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7063.969","article-title":"Cell mediated immunity after measles in Guinea-Bissau: historical cohort study","volume":"313","author":"Shaheen","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib27","first-page":"364","article-title":"Immune disturbances after severe enteritis during the first six months of life","volume":"15","author":"Ghavami","year":"1979","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00466270","article-title":"Persistent cell mediated immune-deficiency following infantile stress during the first 6 months of life","volume":"122","author":"Dutz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197101000-00004","article-title":"Relation of poverty and race to birth weight and organ and cell structure in the newborn","volume":"5","author":"Naeye","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib30","first-page":"127","article-title":"Thymic atrophy and immune deficiency in malnutrition","volume":"75","author":"Dourov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Top Pathol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1225","article-title":"Prenatal undernutrition and postnatal growth are associated with adolescent thymic function","volume":"131","author":"McDade","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10124.x","article-title":"Immunologic deficiencies in small-for-dates neonates","volume":"319","author":"Xanthou","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.505","article-title":"Early rearing conditions alter immune responses in the developing infant primate","volume":"90","author":"Coe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1996.0020","article-title":"Prenatal endocrine activation alters postnatal cellular immunity in infant monkeys","volume":"10","author":"Coe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.7.862","article-title":"Possible effects of early separation experiences on subsequent immune function in adult macaque monkeys","volume":"142","author":"Laudenslager","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420270502","article-title":"Long-term effects of prenatal stress on HPA axis activity in juvenile rhesus monkeys","volume":"27","author":"Clarke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523063608?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523063608?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/74\/4\/543\/23964825\/543.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:27:34Z","timestamp":1698755254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523063608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523063608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal undernutrition, postnatal environments, and antibody response to vaccination in adolescence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.543","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2001 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}