{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:56:28Z","timestamp":1791104188015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7300,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T04:05:07Z","timestamp":1516853107000},"page":"551-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Nutritional risk assessment and obesity in rural older adults: a sex difference"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jenny H","family":"Ledikwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Smiciklas-Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane C","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon L","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Still","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800541","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960\u20131994","volume":"220","author":"Flegal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49082.x","article-title":"The relationship between body mass index and self-reported functional limitation among older adults: a gender difference","volume":"49","author":"Friedmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib3","first-page":"239.4","article-title":"Underweight, overweight and weight change among community-dwelling, rural older adults","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1523","article-title":"The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity","volume":"282","author":"Must","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50220.x","article-title":"Obesity is associated with functional decline among community dwelling rural older persons","volume":"50","author":"Jensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510380049036","article-title":"Body mass index, weight change, and risk of mobility disability in middle-aged and older women. The epidemiologic follow-up study of NHANES I","volume":"271","author":"Launer","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.4","article-title":"Self-reported body mass index and health-related quality of life: findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system","volume":"9","author":"Ford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00322.x","article-title":"Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Wolf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411501","article-title":"Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults","volume":"341","author":"Calle","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)00896-8","article-title":"Demographic and economic factors associated with dietary quality for adults in the 1987\u201388 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey","volume":"92","author":"Murphy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.9.2256","article-title":"Living arrangements affect dietary quality for U.S. adults aged 50 years and older: NHANES III 1988\u20131994","volume":"130","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M123","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.3.M123","article-title":"Nutritional risk in New England elders","volume":"49","author":"Posner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.201","article-title":"Screening for hospitalization and nutritional risks among community-dwelling older persons","volume":"74","author":"Jensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.4.819","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening characteristics of rural older persons: relation to functional limitations and health care charges","volume":"66","author":"Jensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.16.2109","article-title":"A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women","volume":"283","author":"Kant","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530130055028","article-title":"A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes","volume":"274","author":"Boushey","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib17","series-title":"Incorporating nutrition screening and interventions into medical practice.","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.22.2131","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults","volume":"282","author":"Visser","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.4.829","article-title":"Relation between anthropometric measures of fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight pre- and postmenopausal women","volume":"66","author":"Perry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.3.426","article-title":"Diet composition, energy intake, and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women","volume":"52","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(96)00215-5","article-title":"Diet composition related to body fat in a multivariate study of 203 men","volume":"96","author":"Nelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00140-6","article-title":"Nutrient intakes and adequacy among an older population on the eastern shore of Maryland: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation","volume":"99","author":"Cid-Ruzafa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600834","article-title":"Gender differences in food and nutrient intakes and status indices from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over","volume":"53","author":"Bates","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.8.2192","article-title":"Inadequate nutrient intakes are common and are associated with low diet variety in rural, community-dwelling elderly","volume":"131","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00216-2","article-title":"Nutrition and health for older persons in rural America: a managed care model","volume":"97","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb03812.x","article-title":"Time and cost for recruiting older adults","volume":"46","author":"Taylor-Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Yesavage","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib29","series-title":"NHANES III anthropometric procedures video.","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90188-4","article-title":"Dietary intake assessed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative Level II Screen is a sensitive but not a specific indicator of nutritional risk in older adults","volume":"102","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib31","series-title":"CRC handbook of nutrition and food.","article-title":"Dietary intake assessment: methods for adults","author":"Smiciklas-Wright","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib32","series-title":"Food portion visual.","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib33","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes applications in dietary assessment.","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib34","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin B-12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib35","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc.","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib36","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids.","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib37","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and floride.","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib38","series-title":"The Healthy Eating Index: 1994\u201396, CNPP-5.","author":"Bowman","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1006\/jfca.2001.0999","article-title":"Database requirements to meet food grouping needs","volume":"14","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Food Composition Analysis"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib40","series-title":"Methods in clinical chemistry.","first-page":"558","article-title":"Vitamin B6","author":"Reynolds","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(87)80438-3","article-title":"Determination of free and total homocysteine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"422","author":"Araki","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/30.7.1199","article-title":"Interlaboratory comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D determination","volume":"30","author":"Mayer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib43","series-title":"Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional status.","author":"Sauberlich","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510220049033","article-title":"Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population","volume":"270","author":"Selhub","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib45","series-title":"Using multivariate statistics.","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib46","series-title":"The practical guide: identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults.","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib47","series-title":"Food and nutrient intakes by individuals in the United States, by sex and age, 1994\u201396.","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00044-8","article-title":"Folate nutrition and older adults: challenges and opportunities","volume":"97","author":"Koehler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01628.x","article-title":"The role of nutrition in immunity in the aged","volume":"56","author":"Lesourd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.20","article-title":"Nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a normally aging sample: a 6-y reassessment","volume":"65","author":"La Rue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.479","article-title":"Validation of the Healthy Eating Index with use of plasma biomarkers in a clinical sample of women","volume":"74","author":"Hann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00804-3","article-title":"Energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water, activity recall, and diet records in the rural elderly","volume":"18","author":"Seale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.130","article-title":"Undereating and underrecording of habitual food intake in obese men: selective underreporting of fat intake","volume":"71","author":"Goris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1203S","article-title":"Dietary methods research in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: underreporting of energy intake","volume":"65","author":"Briefel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.6.1578","article-title":"Fruits and vegetables increase plasma carotenoids and vitamins and decrease homocysteine in humans","volume":"130","author":"Broekmans","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.338","article-title":"Nutrient-dense foods and exercise in frail elderly: effects on B vitamins, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, and neuropsychological functioning","volume":"73","author":"de Jong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000684","article-title":"Obesity and blood pressure in the elderly free-living population","volume":"12","author":"Gryglewska","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7097.1791","article-title":"Cohort study of effect of being overweight and change in weight on risk of coronary heart disease in old age","volume":"314","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib59","first-page":"269","article-title":"Nutritional risk in an urban homebound older population. The nutrition and healthy aging project","volume":"5","author":"Millen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib60","series-title":"Health, United States, 2001 with urban and rural health chartbook.","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00229-7","article-title":"Obesity prevalence by age group and 5-year changes in adults residing in rural Wisconsin","volume":"100","author":"Rothacker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.19","article-title":"Prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in urban adult Mexicans in comparison with other large surveys","volume":"8","author":"Arroyo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523056472?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523056472?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/77\/3\/551\/23659944\/551.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T19:18:32Z","timestamp":1685387912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523056472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523056472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutritional risk assessment and obesity in rural older adults: a sex difference","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.551","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}