{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:17:09Z","timestamp":1793913429401,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6238,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T04:00:08Z","timestamp":1518667208000},"page":"191-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":484,"title":["The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Kristina L","family":"Penniston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry A","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Dietary intervention with dark green leafy vegetables-spinach (Spinacia oleracea)to combat subclinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) in slum children of Dharavi, Mumkbai, India","volume":"4","author":"Mehta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sight Life Newslett"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib2","series-title":"Present knowledge in nutrition.","first-page":"109","article-title":"Vitamin A","author":"Olson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib3","first-page":"71","article-title":"Vitamin A\u2014functions, dietary requirements and safety in humans","volume":"67","author":"Gerster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.72.1.40","article-title":"Factors influencing the conversion of carotenoids to retinol: bioavailability to bioconversion to bioefficacy","volume":"72","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218545","article-title":"Transport and storage of vitamin A","volume":"250","author":"Blomhoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.3.291","article-title":"Vitamin A concentration in human tissues collected from five areas in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Raica","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1991.71.4.951","article-title":"Vitamin A metabolism: new perspectives on absorption, transport, and storage","volume":"71","author":"Blomhoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.1.112","volume":"49","author":"Krasinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.281S","article-title":"Analysis of retinoids and carotenoids: problems resolved and unsolved","volume":"134","author":"Furr","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.5.796","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamin A deficiency, retinoic acid and protein quantity and quality on serially obtained plasma and liver levels of vitamin A in rats","volume":"109","author":"Underwood","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183S","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.113720","article-title":"Teratogenicity of isotretinoin revisited: species variation and the role of all-trans-retinoic acid","volume":"45","author":"Nau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib12","first-page":"411","article-title":"Safety of vitamin A: recent results","volume":"68","author":"Weigand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.399","article-title":"Teratology of retinoids","volume":"39","author":"Collins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib14","first-page":"482","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic acid in the rhesus monkey","volume":"55","author":"Adamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib15","first-page":"331","article-title":"A lethal hypervitaminosis A syndrome in young monkeys (Macacus fascicularis) following a single intramuscular dose of a water-miscible preparation containing vitamins A, D2 and","volume":"51","author":"Macapinlac","year":"1981","journal-title":"E. Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2907S","article-title":"Estimating the potential for vitamin A toxicity in women and young children","volume":"132","author":"Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/296248a0","article-title":"A possible case of hypervitaminosis A in Homo erectus","volume":"296","author":"Walker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib18","first-page":"301","article-title":"The paleopathology of the liver","volume":"20","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.2.358","article-title":"Safety of vitamin A","volume":"49","author":"Bendich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.2.183","article-title":"Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity","volume":"52","author":"Hathcock","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib21","series-title":"The retinoids. Volume 2.","first-page":"287","article-title":"Preclinical and clinical toxicology of selected retinoids","author":"Kamm","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-80-1-44","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and skeletal effects in chronic hypervitaminosis A","volume":"80","author":"Frame","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-6-877","article-title":"Increased risk for vitamin A toxicity in severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"105","author":"Ellis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012030-00016","article-title":"Hepatic hyper-vitaminosis A: importance of retinyl ester level determination","volume":"12","author":"Croquet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.5.878","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the relationship between vitamin A supplementation and plasma retinol, retinyl esters, and liver enzyme activities in a healthy elderly population","volume":"54","author":"Stauber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.1.35","article-title":"Determination of retinyl esters and retinol in serum or plasma by normal-phase liquid chromatography: method and applications","volume":"32","author":"Bankson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.6.1152","article-title":"Water-miscible, emulsified, and solid forms of retinol supplements are more toxic than oil-based preparations","volume":"78","author":"Myhre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2003.50082","article-title":"Amounts and types of fatty acids in meals affect the pattern of retinoids secreted in human chylomicrons after a high-dose preformed vitamin A intake","volume":"52","author":"Sauvant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114515","article-title":"Postprandial plasma retinyl ester response is greater in older subjects compared with younger subjects","volume":"85","author":"Krasinski","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.2.197","article-title":"Porcine intestinal metabolism of excess vitamin A differs following vitamin A supplementation and liver consumption","volume":"132","author":"Arnhold","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90399-H","article-title":"Retinoic acid can be produced from excentric cleavage of \u03b2-carotene in human intestinal mucosa","volume":"293","author":"Wang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.851","article-title":"Elevated serum concentrations of \u03b2-glucuronide metabolites and 4-oxoretinol in lactating sows after treatment with vitamin A: a model for evaluating supplementation in lactating women","volume":"81","author":"Penniston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90140-A","article-title":"Influence of dose and pharmaceutical formulation of vitamin A on plasma levels of retinyl esters and retinol and metabolic generation of retinoic acid compounds and \u03b2-glucuronides in the Cynomolgus monkey","volume":"111","author":"Eckhoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00117-1","article-title":"Interactions of retinoid binding proteins and enzymes in retinoid metabolism","volume":"1440","author":"Napoli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01977634","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation increases levels of retinoic acid compounds in human plasma: possible implications for teratogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Eckhoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib36","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.","first-page":"65","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719401300106","article-title":"The teratogenic metabolites of vitamin A in women following supplements and liver","volume":"13","author":"Buss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3197","article-title":"Retinoic acid metabolites in plasma are higher after intake of liver paste compared with a vitamin A supplement in women","volume":"131","author":"van Vliet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib39","first-page":"169","article-title":"Identification of 9-cis-retinoic acid, 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-4, 14-retro-retinol in human plasma after liver consumption","volume":"59","author":"Arnhold","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol Lett"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib40","first-page":"423","article-title":"Reduction of serum retinol levels following a single oral dose of all-trans retinoic acid in humans","volume":"67","author":"Barua","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.4.481","article-title":"Retinoyl \u03b2-glucuronide: an endogenous compound of human blood","volume":"43","author":"Barua","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80109-9","article-title":"Severe hypervitaminosis A in siblings: evidence of variable tolerance to retinol intake","volume":"111","author":"Carpenter","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143104.x","article-title":"Complementary medicine and vitamin A toxicity in children","volume":"175","author":"Coghlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00132-6","article-title":"New views on the RDAs for older adults","volume":"97","author":"Russell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(90)90010-Y","article-title":"Influence of aging on vitamin A transport into the lymphatic circulation","volume":"25","author":"Hollander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib46","series-title":"Research and captive propagation.","first-page":"130","article-title":"Comparative aspects of vitamin A and carotenoid metabolism in exotic mammals","author":"Schweigert","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607102026003184","article-title":"Nutritional assessment of serum and hepatic vitamin A levels in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"26","author":"Ukleja","year":"2001","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.5.934","article-title":"Serum retinyl esters are not associated with biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988\u20131994","volume":"73","author":"Ballew","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.12.4202","article-title":"Serum vitamin A esters are high in captive rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monkeys","volume":"133","author":"Penniston","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604082941503","article-title":"Vitamin A transport in human vitamin A toxicity","volume":"294","author":"Smith","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.3.2001786","article-title":"Perisinusoidal stellate cells of the liver: important roles in retinol metabolism and fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Blomhoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37370-3","article-title":"Chylomicron metabolism during dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Melchoir","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61977-4","article-title":"Perisinusoidal stellate cells (fat-storing cells, interstitial cells, lipocytes), their related structure in and around the liver sinusoids, and vitamin A-storing cells in extrahepatic organs","volume":"66","author":"Wake","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-003-0230-3","article-title":"Structure and function of hepatic stellate cells","volume":"27","author":"Senoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Electron Microsc"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10345","article-title":"Vitamin A distribution and content in tissues of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica","volume":"276A","author":"Wold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.10.1613","article-title":"Concentrations of selected carotenoids and vitamin A in human liver, kidney and lung tissue","volume":"121","author":"Schmitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.11.2904","article-title":"Subtoxic hepatic vitamin A concentrations in captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"131","author":"Penniston","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42007-3","article-title":"Effects of acute inflammation on plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein, and its mRNA in the liver and kidneys of vitamin A-sufficient rats","volume":"37","author":"Rosales","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37232-1","article-title":"Storage of vitamin A in extrahepatic stellate cells in normal rats","volume":"38","author":"Nagy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37777-4","article-title":"Vitamin A metabolism: analysis of steady-state neutral metabolites in rat tissues","volume":"25","author":"Williams","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.75.2.126","article-title":"Extra-hepatic vitamin A concentrations in captive rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monkeys fed excess vitamin A","volume":"75","author":"Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01657.x","article-title":"Release of stored retinol from adipocytes","volume":"56","author":"Wolf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)46017-6","article-title":"Retinoids and retinoid-binding protein expression in rat adipocytes","volume":"267","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00067-4","article-title":"Importance of the kidneys in metabolism of vitamins A1 and A2 and their fatty acyl esters in mink feeding on fish-based diets and exposed to Aroclor 1242","volume":"187","author":"Kakela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1160","article-title":"Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase expression is regulated by dietary vitamin A and exogenous retinoic acid in the lung of adult rats","volume":"132","author":"Zolfaghari","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2001111","article-title":"Effect of dietary \u03b2-carotene on the accumulation of \u03b2-carotene and vitamin A in plasma and tissues of gilts","volume":"41","author":"Schweigert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(00)00220-8","article-title":"Fatty acid, carotenoid and vitamin A composition of tissues of free living gulls","volume":"126A","author":"Surai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.50.2002.4.6","article-title":"Content of retinol and retinyl esters in blood plasma, liver, kidney and reproductive organs of Japanese quails","volume":"50","author":"Kerti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2000138","article-title":"The distribution of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in the blood plasma, urine, liver and kidneys of carnivores","volume":"31","author":"Raila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1673S","article-title":"Retinol and retinyl ester responses in the blood plasma and urine of dogs after a single oral dose of vitamin A","volume":"132","author":"Raila","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42338-7","article-title":"Retinol metabolism in rats with low vitamin A status: a compartmental model","volume":"31","author":"Lewis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1139\/y97-001","article-title":"Tissue concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, and retinoic acid in vitamin A deficient rats administered a single dose of radioactive retinol","volume":"75","author":"Bhat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.8.1037","article-title":"Liver stores of vitamin A in a normal population dying suddenly or rapidly from unnatural causes in New York City","volume":"23","author":"Underwood","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.4.713","article-title":"Vitamin A concentrations in liver determined by isotope dilution assay with tetradeuterated vitamin A and by biopsy in generally healthy adult humans","volume":"49","author":"Furr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib75","first-page":"307","article-title":"Retinyl ester (vitamin A ester) and carotenoid composition in human liver","volume":"60","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/104.11.1513","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and reproduction in rhesus monkeys","volume":"104","author":"O\u2019Toole","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib77","series-title":"Vitamins in animal nutrition.","first-page":"10","author":"McDowell","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib78","series-title":"Wildlife feeding and nutrition.","first-page":"81","author":"Robbins","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.12.2500","article-title":"The distribution of vitamin A in human liver","volume":"32","author":"Olson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/27.8.883","article-title":"Plasma and liver concentrations of vitamin A in a normal population of urban Thai","volume":"27","author":"Suthutvoravoot","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib81","unstructured":"Physician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Internet: http:\/\/www.guideline.gov\/summary\/summary.aspx?docid=3862&nbr=3073&string=osteoporosis (accessed 15 July 2005)."},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00003","article-title":"Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture","volume":"129","author":"Melhus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1577-y","article-title":"Vitamin A intake and the risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women: the Iowa women\u2019s health study","volume":"15","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021171","article-title":"Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture","volume":"348","author":"Michaelsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.8.1349","article-title":"Retinol intake and bone mineral density in the elderly: the Rancho Bernardo study","volume":"17","author":"Promislow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.1.47","article-title":"Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women","volume":"287","author":"Feskanich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400100100017","article-title":"A model of lifetime osteoporosis impact","volume":"151","author":"Chrischilles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008920","article-title":"Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in elderly men","volume":"144","author":"Nguyen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00910-9","article-title":"Subclinical hypervitaminosis A causes fragile bones in rats","volume":"31","author":"Johansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.3.777","article-title":"Bone resorption activity of all-trans retinoic acid is independent of vitamin D in rats","volume":"133","author":"Rohde","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(97)80052-7","article-title":"Vitamin (A and D)-induced premature physeal closure (hyena disease) in calves","volume":"116","author":"Woodard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01848.x","article-title":"Hypervitaminosis A and bone","volume":"58","author":"Binkley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.10.1899","article-title":"Vitamin A antagonizes calcium response to vitamin D in man","volume":"16","author":"Johansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(85)90087-5","article-title":"Pibloktoq (hysteria) and Inuit nutrition: possible implication of hypervitaminosis A","volume":"21","author":"Landy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/000155598441837","article-title":"Oral isotretinoin therapy in severe acne induces transient suppression of biochemical markers of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis","volume":"78","author":"Kindmark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006160523497","article-title":"Effect of fenretinide on bone mineral density and metabolism in women with early breast cancer","volume":"53","author":"Decensi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198505020-00019","article-title":"Hypervitaminosis A in a child from megadosing","volume":"5","author":"Gamble","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib98","first-page":"838","article-title":"Fatal hypervitaminosis A in a neonate","volume":"108","author":"Bush","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib99","first-page":"209","article-title":"Overdosage of vitamin A supplements in a child","volume":"50","author":"Scherl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405299","article-title":"Hypervitaminosis A as a complication of treatment for neuroblastoma","volume":"26","author":"Grissom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90072-7","article-title":"Retinoic acid and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulate osteoclast formation by different mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Scheven","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.12.2246","article-title":"Vitamin A antagonizes the action of vitamin D in rats","volume":"129","author":"Rohde","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.4.585","article-title":"The influence of vitamin A on the utilization and amelioration of toxicity of cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in young broiler chickens","volume":"77","author":"Aburto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1903","article-title":"Biosynthesis and function of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid in parathyroid cells","volume":"229","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2306","article-title":"High serum retinyl esters are not associated with reduced bone mineral density in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"16","author":"Ballew","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90040-V","article-title":"Retinol, supplemental vitamin A and bone status","volume":"43","author":"Sowers","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.290S","article-title":"Assessing vitamin A status: past, present and future","volume":"134","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90021-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictors of fractures associated with osteoporosis","volume":"103","author":"Lips","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970119","article-title":"Current diet does not relate to bone mineral density after the menopause. The Nottingham Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) Study Group","volume":"78","author":"Earnshaw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.5.877","article-title":"The relationship between diet and bone mineral content of multiple skeletal sites in elderly Japanese-American men and women living in Hawaii","volume":"42","author":"Yano","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib111","series-title":"In: Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals.","first-page":"110","article-title":"Risk assessment: vitamin A (retinol)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718070","article-title":"Nutrition in bone health revisited: a story beyond calcium","volume":"19","author":"Ilich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142991902501","article-title":"Bone health: the role of micronutrients","volume":"55","author":"New","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib114","first-page":"161","article-title":"Uses and misuses of vitamin A","volume":"2","author":"Sommer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Issues Public Health"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.2.517S","article-title":"Maternal vitamin status and its importance in infancy and early childhood","volume":"59","author":"Underwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.933.397","article-title":"Single megadose vitamin A supplementation of Indian mothers and morbidity in breastfed young infants","volume":"79","author":"Basu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600398","article-title":"Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breast milk of mothers and morbidity of their infants","volume":"51","author":"Roy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib118","first-page":"80","article-title":"Contribution of breastfeeding to vitamin A nutrition of infants: a simulation model","volume":"81","author":"Ross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1969S","article-title":"Micronutrients and reproductive health issues: an international perspective","volume":"133","author":"Christian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2675","article-title":"Vitamin A or \u03b2-carotene supplementation reduces symptoms of illness in pregnant and lactating Nepali women","volume":"130","author":"Christian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib121","series-title":"High-dose maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation in rural Kenya. Report of the XXI International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG) meeting, Marrakech, Morocco, February 2003.","first-page":"64","author":"Ayah","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199901010-00007","article-title":"Short-term effects of large-dose vitamin A supplementation on viral load and immune response in HIV-infected women","volume":"20","author":"Humphrey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.1139","article-title":"A theoretical increase in infants\u2019 hepatic vitamin A is realized using a supplemented lactating sow model","volume":"133","author":"Penniston","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.427","article-title":"One-time vitamin A supplementation of lactating sows enhances hepatic retinol of offspring independent of dose size","volume":"81","author":"Valentine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7323.1206","article-title":"Deaths trigger fresh controversy over vitamin A programme in India","volume":"323","author":"Mudur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1279","article-title":"Vitamin A intake affects the contribution of chylomicrons vs. retinol-binding protein to milk vitamin A in lactating rats","volume":"131","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib127","series-title":"Nutrient regulation during pregnancy, lactation, and infant growth.","first-page":"187","article-title":"The function of vitamin A in cellular growth and differentiation, and its roles during pregnancy and lactation","author":"Ross","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib128","first-page":"703","article-title":"Breast-milk vitamin A as an indicator of the vitamin A status of women and infants","volume":"73","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib129","first-page":"A475","article-title":"The uptake and clearance of 3, 4-didehydroretinol in lactating sows and the relationship of the modified relative dose response (MRDR) value in serum to that in breast milk","volume":"19","author":"Surles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib130","first-page":"3","article-title":"Lipid and retinol contents in the milk of Egyptian mothers with normal and sick infants","volume":"57","author":"Hussein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2867S","article-title":"Why do children become vitamin A deficient?","volume":"132","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib132","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A supplementation on plasma and breast milk vitamin A levels in poorly nourished Gambian women","volume":"41","author":"Villard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000046737","article-title":"Fat-soluble vitamins in the maternal diet, influence of cod liver oil supplementation and impact of the maternal diet on human milk composition","volume":"45","author":"Olafsdottir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.2.356","article-title":"Maternal vitamin A or \u03b2-carotene supplementation in lactating Bangladeshi women benefits mothers and infants but does not prevent subclinical deficiency","volume":"129","author":"Rice","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.4.666","article-title":"High dose vitamin A supplementation of breast-feeding Indonesian mothers: effects on the vitamin A status of mother and infant","volume":"123","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.11.3243","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation of women postpartum and of their infants at immunization alters breast milk retinol and infant vitamin A status","volume":"132","author":"Bahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib137","first-page":"487","article-title":"Acitretin excretion into human breast milk","volume":"70","author":"Rollman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1291","article-title":"Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A","volume":"80","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191_bib139","series-title":"Appropriate uses of vitamin A tracer (stable isotope) methodology.","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523292710?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523292710?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/191\/23888959\/znu00206000191.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1685160215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523292710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523292710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.191","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}