{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:47:38Z","timestamp":1792709258644,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5809,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]],"date-time":"2018-02-17T00:14:43Z","timestamp":1518826483000},"page":"1041-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Judy D","family":"Ribaya-Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherry C","family":"Maramag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena W","family":"Tengco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G","family":"Dolnikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B","family":"Blumberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentino S","family":"Solon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib1","series-title":"Vitamin A deficiency. Health, survival, and vision.","author":"Sommer","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/65.1.115","article-title":"Carotene balances on boys in Rwanda where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent","volume":"65","author":"Roels","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib3","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effect of dietary fat on absorption of \u03b2-carotene from green leafy vegetables in children","volume":"71","author":"Jayarajan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.8.1549","article-title":"Children\u2019s consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables with added fat enhances serum retinol","volume":"129","author":"Takyi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.1.110","article-title":"Absorption of \u03b2-carotene from green leafy vegetables in undernourished children","volume":"23","author":"Lala","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.623","article-title":"Serum retinol concentrations in children are affected by food sources of \u03b2-carotene, fat intake, and anthelmintic drug treatment","volume":"68","author":"Jalal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.5.1058","article-title":"Orange fruit is more effective than are dark-green leafy vegetables in increasing serum concentrations of retinol and \u03b2-carotene in schoolchildren in Indonesia","volume":"68","author":"de Pee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455","article-title":"Bioconversion of plant carotenoids to vitamin A in Filipino school-aged children varies inversely with vitamin A status","volume":"72","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib9","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status","volume":"73","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.6.1120","article-title":"Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and \u03b2-carotene supplements in men","volume":"55","author":"Micozzi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26182.x","article-title":"Variability of serum carotenoids in response to controlled diets containing six servings of fruits and vegetables per day","volume":"691","author":"Bowen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92111-7","article-title":"Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables","volume":"346","author":"de Pee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.6.1069","article-title":"Green and yellow vegetables can maintain body stores of vitamin A in Chinese children","volume":"70","author":"Tang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.705","article-title":"Daily consumption of Indian spinach (Basella alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive impact on total body vitamin A stores of Bangladeshi men","volume":"80","author":"Haskell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib15","series-title":"Appropriate uses of vitamin A tracer (stable isotope) methodology.","article-title":"Vitamin A Tracer Task Force","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004715","article-title":"Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans","volume":"8","author":"Furr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.4.713","article-title":"Vitamin A concentrations in liver determined by isotope dilution assay with tetradeuterated vitamin A and by biopsy in generally healthy adult humans","volume":"49","author":"Furr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib18","first-page":"3","article-title":"Deuterated-retinol-dilution approach for longitudinal monitoring of health and nutritional interventions involving vitamin A","volume":"2","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sight Life Newslett"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib19","series-title":"Handbook on vitamin A tracer dilution methods to assess status and evaluate intervention programs.","author":"Haskell","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.90","article-title":"Plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate in human subjects with estimated low or high total body stores of vitamin A","volume":"68","author":"Haskell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.67","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin A status by the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique and comparison with hepatic vitamin A concentration in Bangladeshi surgical patients","volume":"66","author":"Haskell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.5.874","article-title":"Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to assess total-body vitamin A stores of adult volunteers consuming different amounts of vitamin A","volume":"70","author":"Haskell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.278","article-title":"Assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in Guatemalan elderly by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method","volume":"69","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.694","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in adults with the use of a 3-d deuterated-retinol-dilution method","volume":"77","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.633","article-title":"Dietary vitamin A intakes of Filipino elders with adequate or low liver vitamin A concentrations as assessed by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method: implications for dietary requirements","volume":"79","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.681","article-title":"Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged Peruvian children","volume":"77","author":"Haskell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1291","article-title":"Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A","volume":"80","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib28","series-title":"Philippine nutrition facts and figures.","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib29","series-title":"The Philippine food composition tables.","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib30","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory National nutrient database for standard reference, release 17. Washington, DC: USDA ARS. Internet:. http:\/\/www.nal.usda.gov\/fnic\/foodcomp."},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib31","first-page":"99","article-title":"Method for the assessment of vitamin A liver stores","volume":"31","author":"Bausch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Vitaminol Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.7.1327","article-title":"Metabolism, plasma transport and biliary excretion of radioactive vitamin A and its metabolites as a function of liver reserves of vitamin A in the rat","volume":"114","author":"Hicks","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.4.704","article-title":"Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin A in humans","volume":"45","author":"Olson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.3.291","article-title":"Vitamin A concentration in human tissues collected from five areas of the United States","volume":"25","author":"Raica","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1995.10718550","article-title":"Effect of \u03b2-carotene supplementation on the concentrations and distribution of carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin A, and cholesterol in plasma lipoprotein and non-lipoprotein fractions in healthy older women","volume":"14","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.11.1920","article-title":"Correlation between carotenoid concentrations in serum and normal breast adipose tissue of women with benign breast tumor or breast cancer","volume":"128","author":"Yeum","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(98)00026-6","article-title":"Deuterium enrichment of retinol in humans determined by gas chromatography electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.382","article-title":"Evaluation of Kato\u2019s thick smear technique for quantitative diagnosis of helminth infections","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib39","series-title":"Monitoring helminth control programs. Guidelines for monitoring the impact of control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity caused by soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomes, with particular reference to school-age children.","author":"Montresor","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib40","series-title":"CDC growth charts: United States. Advance data from vital and health statistics, no. 314.","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib41","series-title":"Control of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia.","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1170","article-title":"Serum retinol, the acute phase response, and the apparent misclassification of vitamin A status in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"72","author":"Stephensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/90.2.117","article-title":"Influence of dietary vitamin A on carotenoid utilization, nitrogen retention and energy utilization by the chick","volume":"90","author":"Dua","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19860091","article-title":"Carotene dioxygenase (EC1.13.11.21) activity in rat intestine: effects of vitamin A deficiency and of pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Villard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib45","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26159.x","article-title":"Absorption and transport of carotenoids","volume":"691","author":"Erdman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.431","article-title":"Carotenoid absorption from salad and salsa by humans is enhanced by the addition of avocado or avocado oil","volume":"135","author":"Unlu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1343s","article-title":"Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys","volume":"72","author":"Troiano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.396","article-title":"Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection","volume":"80","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1187","article-title":"Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene, and vitamin E in humans","volume":"71","author":"Roodenburg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523280235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002916523280235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-pdf\/85\/4\/1041\/23892005\/znu00407001041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T12:47:33Z","timestamp":1685191653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002916523280235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002916523280235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9165","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.1041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}