{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:26:35Z","timestamp":1770492395033,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solid tumor metastases to the pancreas are rare, and only limited literature on the topic is available. In this retrospective study, we reviewed 107 cases of solid tumor metastases to the pancreas diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) from 2005 to 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information including the patients\u2019 clinical histories, radiologic and pathologic findings, treatments, and follow-up were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the patients was 62.4 years. The mean tumor size was 2.64 cm with even distribution throughout the pancreas (head, neck and body, and tail). The most common primary site was the kidney, followed by the lung, skin, and breast and the gynecologic, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. The most common tumor type was carcinoma, followed by melanoma and sarcoma. In comparison to patients with nonkidney primary cancers, those with primary renal cell carcinoma had a longer median interval between primary diagnosis and metastasis (8.5 vs 4.0 years; P &amp;lt; .01), less often had metastasis outside the pancreas (38% vs 74%; P &amp;lt; .01), and had a significantly longer 5-year survival rate (65.7% vs 24.8%; P &amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FNA plays a crucial role in diagnosing metastases to the pancreas. Metastases originating from kidney and nonkidney primary tumors have distinct clinicopathologic features and prognoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T19:24:24Z","timestamp":1589829864000},"page":"692-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Solid Tumor Metastases to the Pancreas Diagnosed Using Fine-Needle Aspiration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-4365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tieying","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6563-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i43.4747","article-title":"Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma: the state of the art","volume":"17","author":"Ballarin","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0135-RS","article-title":"Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas: a review","volume":"140","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00287-7","article-title":"EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic metastases: a multicenter experience","volume":"61","author":"DeWitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31826b3acf","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of pancreatic metastases: a large single-center experience","volume":"42","author":"El Hajj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.79779","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of metastases to the pancreas: a study of 25 cases","volume":"8","author":"Gilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytojournal."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000330536","article-title":"Role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in diagnosing metastasis to the pancreas: a tertiary center experience","volume":"11","author":"Hijioka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pancreatology."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1159\/000352006","article-title":"Metastases to the pancreas diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration","volume":"57","author":"Olson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21541","article-title":"Solid tumor metastases to the pancreas diagnosed by FNA: a single-institution experience and review of the literature","volume":"123","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20100","article-title":"Metastases in the pancreas from nonhematologic neoplasms: report of 20 cases evaluated by fine-needle aspiration","volume":"31","author":"Volmar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2011.5.1.61","article-title":"Clinical features of metastatic tumors of the pancreas in Korea: a single-center study","volume":"5","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut Liver."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000128556","article-title":"Metastasis to the pancreas: characterization by morphology and contrast enhancement features on CT and MRI","volume":"8","author":"Palmowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pancreatology."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0144-x","article-title":"Metastatic disease to the pancreas: an imaging challenge","volume":"3","author":"Triantopoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-63","article-title":"Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the suspicion of pancreatic metastases","volume":"13","author":"Ardengh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-004-0987-3","article-title":"Secondary tumors of the pancreas: an analysis of a surgical and autopsy database and review of the literature","volume":"444","author":"Adsay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23752","article-title":"Metastatic neoplasms to the pancreas diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration\/biopsy cytology: a 15-year retrospective analysis","volume":"45","author":"Raymond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.111771","article-title":"Detection of pancreatic metastases by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration","volume":"53","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20142","article-title":"Diagnosis of nonprimary pancreatic neoplasms by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration","volume":"31","author":"Mesa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(04)95151-2","article-title":"Pancreatic metastases: a multicentric study of 22 patients","volume":"28","author":"Moussa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23688","article-title":"Pancreatic involvement by metastasizing neoplasms as determined by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a clinicopathologic characterization","volume":"45","author":"Sekulic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2019.5914\/2018","article-title":"Metastatic tumors in the pancreas: the role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration","volume":"111","author":"Bet\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31826c276d","article-title":"Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in evaluation of metastatic lesions to the pancreas: a tertiary cancer center experience","volume":"42","author":"Atiq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.5858\/2004-128-693-CCDAOP","article-title":"Clear cell ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"128","author":"Ray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200105000-00006","article-title":"Clear cell endocrine pancreatic tumor mimicking renal cell carcinoma: a distinctive neoplasm of von Hippel-Lindau disease","volume":"25","author":"Hoang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000444721","article-title":"Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas: clinical features and management of a rare tumor","volume":"33","author":"Van Dyke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Surg."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.123785","article-title":"Clear cell variant of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Canberk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytojournal."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23599","article-title":"Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of pancreas diagnosed preoperatively by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a case report and review of literature","volume":"45","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2303.1999.00205.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Ki-67 antigen staining in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in post-menopausal women with atypia\u2014an audit","volume":"10","author":"Ejersbo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cytopathology."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11906","article-title":"Optimal fixation conditions for immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen receptor in cytologic specimens of breast carcinoma","volume":"102","author":"Gong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2004.00146.x","article-title":"MIB-1 immunostaining on cytological samples: a protocol without antigen retrieval","volume":"15","author":"Kirbis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytopathology."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1159\/000331297","article-title":"Usefulness of estrogen receptor detection using archival Papanicolaou-stained smears","volume":"43","author":"Koyatsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10348","article-title":"Immunocytochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor on archival Papanicolaou-stained fine-needle aspirate smears","volume":"29","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12156","article-title":"Optimization of immunocytochemistry in cytology: comparison of two protocols for fixation and preservation on cytospin and smear preparations","volume":"26","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytopathology."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2539-z","article-title":"Facial rhabdomyosarcoma with an isolated pancreatic metastasis","volume":"26","author":"Chatzizacharias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21564","article-title":"Metastatic disease to the pancreas documented by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration: a seven-year experience","volume":"40","author":"Layfield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0035","first-page":"683","article-title":"EUS diagnosis of a primary pancreatic metastasis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"10","author":"Vanwoerkom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jop."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2008.9.1.84","article-title":"Pancreatic metastasis in a child suffering with treated stage 4 neuroblastoma","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-8-51","article-title":"Primary pulmonary primitive neuroectodermal tumor metastasis to the pancreas: a rare case with seven-year follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0038","first-page":"396","article-title":"Pancreatic metastasis from nephroblastoma: an unusual entity","volume":"10","author":"Dokmak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jop."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000901)89:5<1076::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas in surgical pathology material","volume":"89","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.08.017","article-title":"Metastatic tumors in the pancreas in the modern era","volume":"211","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-0140-7","article-title":"Pancreatic resection of isolated metastases from nonpancreatic primary cancers","volume":"15","author":"Reddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v6.i10.381","article-title":"Metastatic tumors to the pancreas: the role of surgery","volume":"6","author":"Sperti","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4072","article-title":"High recurrence rate after atypical resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma","volume":"90","author":"Bassi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6606","article-title":"Systematic review of pancreatic surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"96","author":"Tanis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Surg."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4256-7","article-title":"Surgical resection does not improve survival in patients with renal metastases to the pancreas in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Santoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151662","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151662","article-title":"Clinical impact of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis","volume":"11","author":"Grassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2020101312545443100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2278-2","article-title":"Resection of isolated renal cell carcinoma metastases of the pancreas: outcomes from the Johns Hopkins Hospital","volume":"18","author":"Tosoian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/154\/5\/692\/33877487\/aqaa090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/154\/5\/692\/33877487\/aqaa090.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T03:15:58Z","timestamp":1615778158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/154\/5\/692\/5870132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]}}}