{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:07:02Z","timestamp":1788379622660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency was previously correlated with incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on admission and radiologic stage and outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective observational trial was done on 186 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\u2013infected individuals hospitalized from March 1, 2020, to April 7, 2020, with combined chest computed tomography (CT) and 25(OH)D measurement on admission. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to study if vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D &amp;lt;20 ng\/mL) correlates with survival independently of confounding comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the patients with COVID-19, 59% were vitamin D deficient on admission: 47% of females and 67% of males. In particular, male patients with COVID-19 showed progressively lower 25(OH)D with advancing radiologic stage, with deficiency rates increasing from 55% in stage 1 to 74% in stage 3. Vitamin D deficiency on admission was not confounded by age, ethnicity, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease\/hypertension, or diabetes and was associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-11.55), independent of age (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14), chronic lung disease (OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.18-11.09), and extent of lung damage expressed by chest CT severity score (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low 25(OH)D levels on admission are associated with COVID-19 disease stage and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T20:14:03Z","timestamp":1604952843000},"page":"381-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Serum 25(OH)D Level on Hospital Admission Associated With COVID-19 Stage and Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"De Smet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AZ Delta Medical Laboratories, Roeselare, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristof","family":"De Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, AZ Delta General Hospital, Roeselare, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Herroelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZ Delta Medical Laboratories, Roeselare, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"Gryspeerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, AZ Delta General Hospital, Roeselare, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1208-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geert A","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZ Delta Medical Laboratories, Roeselare, Belgium"},{"name":"VUB Metabolomics Platform, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021117060933400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019","author":"Chen","year":"2020;130:2620-2629","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2021021117060933400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and 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