{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1792183432170,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flow cytometric detection of T-cell clonality is challenging, particularly in differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations. Studies have shown utility of TRBC1, in conjunction with other T-cell markers, as reliable means to identify T-cell clonality by flow cytometry. One limitation of surface TRBC1 (sTRBC1) evaluation is it cannot be detected in surface CD3 (sCD3)-negative T cells, such as normal or abnormal immature T-cell precursors. Here, we assess surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression patterns in the differential diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic leukemia\/lymphoma (T-ALL) vs normal thymocyte expansions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-three samples containing T-ALL, thymoma, normal thymus, and\/or indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (i-TLBP), were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 24 cases with normal thymocytes or i-TLBPs revealed a characteristic and reproducible sCD3\/sTRBC1 expression pattern indicative of polytypic T-cell maturation. In contrast, all 19 T-ALLs lacked this polytypic maturation pattern and were either completely negative for sCD3\/sTRBC1 or showed a minor sCD3-positive subset with a monotypic TRBC1 expression pattern. Cytoplasmic TRBC1 evaluation in 9 T-ALLs demonstrated a monotypic intracellular TRBC1-positive (n\u2005=\u20054) or TRBC1-negative (n\u2005=\u20055) expression, indicative of clonality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate flow cytometric evaluation of surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression can aid detection of T-cell clonality and differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T19:24:24Z","timestamp":1620329064000},"page":"64-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Surface and Cytoplasmic TRBC1 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Immature T-Cell Proliferations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Horna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E","family":"Otteson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1792-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Jevremovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horatiu","family":"Olteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , 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nodes","volume":"94","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom."},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21514","article-title":"Flow cytometric characteristics of extrathymic thymocytes in adenoid tissue: a case report and comparison to normal thymus and thymoma","volume":"94","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom."},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318264e223","article-title":"TdT+ T-lymphoblastic populations are increased in Castleman disease, in Castleman disease in association with follicular dendritic cell tumors, and in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Ohgami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0012","article-title":"Flow cytometric evaluation of TRBC1 expression in tissue specimens and body fluids is a novel and specific method for assessment of T-cell clonality and diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms","author":"Berg","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21782","article-title":"Single antibody detection of T-cell receptor alphabeta clonality by flow cytometry rapidly identifies mature T-cell neoplasms and monotypic small CD8-positive subsets of uncertain significance","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom."},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.09.011","article-title":"Utility of TRBC1 expression in the diagnosis of peripheral blood involvement by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"141","author":"Horna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2023020717413136800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0568-2","article-title":"T-cell clones of uncertain significance are highly prevalent and show close resemblance to T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia: implications for laboratory diagnostics","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical 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