{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:25:24Z","timestamp":1769027124347,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although primary adrenal lesions and metastases are most commonly encountered, de novo cysts of the adrenal gland can occasionally occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the pathology archives at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for diagnoses of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland between 1998 and 2020. Patient demographics and clinical information were extracted, and pathology slides and stains, as appropriate, were analyzed. The literature between 1998 and 2020 was also searched for large case series involving cystic adrenal lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found 18 cystic lesions of the adrenal gland in our archives, categorized as pseudocysts (7), endothelial cysts (5), mesothelial cysts (2), mature teratoma (1), cystic adrenal cortical adenoma (1), cystic pheochromocytoma (1), and cystic metastasis (1). The mean age at time of diagnosis was 52.3 years, and the mean size of the cysts was 6.0 cm. There was a slight female predilection, and cysts were more likely to be found on the left side. All lesions were incidental findings. The cystic metastasis was clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Our findings were also compared with those found in the literature published within the same timeframe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adrenal cysts are rare entities. Our findings are concordant with other large studies and provide additional cases to the existing literature. In addition, our literature search expands the possible differential diagnoses for cystic lesions arising in the adrenal gland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T19:10:41Z","timestamp":1628795441000},"page":"531-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Cyst-ematic Analysis of the Adrenal Gland: A Compilation of Primary Cystic Lesions From Our Institution and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A","family":"Gubbiotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"LiVolsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Montone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Baloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08537.x","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal cysts: single-institution experience","volume":"104","author":"El-Hefnawy","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2478.1558","article-title":"Cystic tumour of the suprarenal body successfully removed by operation, with notes on cases previously published","volume":"1","author":"Doran","year":"1908","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)66099-3","article-title":"Adrenal cysts; review of the literature and report of three cases","volume":"81","author":"Abeshouse","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195208000-00004","article-title":"Cysts of the adrenal glands","volume":"136","author":"Ellis","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0005","first-page":"172","article-title":"Tumors of the adrenal gland and extraadrenal paraganglia","volume-title":"Atlas of Tumor Pathology.","author":"Lack","year":"1997","edition":"3rd series"},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90407-X","article-title":"Functioning and nonfunctioning cysts of the adrenal cortex and medulla","volume":"134","author":"Kearney","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350324","article-title":"Adrenal cystic lesions: report of 12 surgically treated cases and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Bellantone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1537-5","article-title":"Imaging spectrum of adrenal pseudocysts on CT","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(01)00444-2","article-title":"Imaging of adrenal masses","volume":"41","author":"Lockhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol."},{"key":"2023020617112197100_CIT0010","first-page":"681","article-title":"Cystic type adrenal mass. 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