{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:12:43Z","timestamp":1787008363496,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited data on cervical screen results from female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients. Herein, we compiled demographic information and cervical screen testing on FTM transgender patients and compared with age-appropriate controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of our previous and current databases was performed for Papanicolaou (Pap) tests from patients taking testosterone and\/or with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, or transvestism. Patient data were reviewed. Relative risks of abnormal Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were calculated against age-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-nine Pap tests from FTM transgender individuals were identified, with a mean age of 31.3 years (range, 21-60 years). The Pap test diagnoses were distributed as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion (n = 84, 94.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (n = 0), low-grade intraepithelial lesion (n = 4, 4.5%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n = 1, 1.1%). Fifty (56.2%) patients had concurrent high-risk HPV testing with four (8%) positive results. Relative risk was 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.59; P = .32) for an abnormal Pap test and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.19-1.52; P = .24) for HPV compared with 267 age-matched controls. Of note, 13.5% of patients older than 21 years had documentation of never having a prior Pap test in our medical record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, FTM transgender individuals were not at a higher or lower risk of HPV infection or abnormal Pap test result compared with women. However, larger studies are needed to support our findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T07:21:22Z","timestamp":1631085682000},"page":"540-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of Cervical Cancer Screen Results on Female-to-Male Transgender Patients With Female Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Katelynn","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020617105690900_CIT0001","article-title":"Prevalence of HPV in adults aged 18-69: United States, 2011-2014. 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