{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:42:29Z","timestamp":1790451749030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Classification of acute leukemia involves assigning lineage by resemblance to normal progenitor cells. This approach provides descriptive information about the blast cells that is useful for disease monitoring, provides clues to pathogenesis, and can help clinicians select effective chemotherapeutic regimens. Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALALs) are those leukemias that either fail to show evidence of myeloid, B-, or T-lymphoid lineage commitment or show evidence of commitment to more than 1 lineage. The different treatment regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) make ALAL a challenge both diagnostically and therapeutically.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current classification criteria have reduced the reported incidence of mixed-lineage leukemias by emphasizing fewer markers and categorizing some biphenotypic leukemias with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities as other entities. Several recent studies have explored the genomic and epigenetic landscape of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) and have suggested a further refinement of the World Health Organization classification to emphasize the genomic heterogeneity of MPAL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genomic and expression profile data for MPAL reveal mutations commonly seen in both AML and ALL, with T-\/myeloid MPAL showing overlapping features with early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our review aimed to discuss the diagnostic challenges, recent genomic studies, and therapeutic strategies in this poorly understood disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T11:19:23Z","timestamp":1651835963000},"page":"27-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["How I Diagnose Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Olga K","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A","family":"Arber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.202","article-title":"Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: historical overview and a new definition","volume":"24","author":"Weinberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-314682","article-title":"Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: clinical and laboratory features and outcome in 100 patients defined according to the WHO 2008 classification","volume":"117","author":"Matutes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08058.x","article-title":"Acute leukaemias of ambiguous lineage in children: characterization, prognosis and therapy recommendations","volume":"149","author":"Gerr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00739-4","article-title":"Clinical, immunophenotypic and genomic findings of NK lymphoblastic leukemia: a study from the Bone Marrow Pathology Group","volume":"34","author":"Weinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."},{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-120535","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2023012012201895900_CIT0006","first-page":"1783","article-title":"Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias. 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