{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T14:51:13Z","timestamp":1785682273549,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SOX10 expression helps identify melanocytic lesions. Over time, novel uses have been identified, such as expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We evaluated the usefulness of SOX10 in breast pathology\u2014specifically, identification and subtyping of TNBC and distinction from gynecologic carcinomas, use as a myoepithelial marker, and in the distinction of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) from atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several breast and gynecologic carcinoma tissue microarrays containing a total of 492 cases were stained with SOX10. Whole sections of 34 ADH, 50 UDH, and 29 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples were also stained with SOX10.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SOX10 expression was identified in 67% of consecutive TNBC cases. Expression was mostly seen in nonapocrine, androgen receptor (AR)\u2013negative TNBCs. All gynecologic carcinomas (n = 157) were negative. All UDH cases showed mosaic SOX10 expression, while all ADH cases lacked expression. All estrogen receptor (ER)\u2013positive DCIS (n = 19) specimens were negative for SOX10, while 2 of 10 ER-negative DCIS specimens were positive for SOX10. The latter 2 cases showed SOX10-positive invasive carcinomas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SOX10 identifies nonluminal AR-type TNBC and is useful in distinguishing TNBC from gynecologic carcinomas. SOX10 can distinguish UDH from ADH. SOX10 is not useful in distinguishing ADH from DCIS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T14:44:42Z","timestamp":1661352282000},"page":"616-625","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Utility of SOX10 Immunohistochemical Staining in Breast Pathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Rayan","family":"Rammal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3590-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanika","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Elishaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Rinda Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirka W","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengquan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth Z","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria J","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5331-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2678-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana M","family":"Villatoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Harinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1225-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000512006","article-title":"The added value of SOX10 immunohistochemistry to other breast markers in identifying cytokeratin 5-positive triple negative breast cancers as of mammary origin","volume":"88","author":"Sejben","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathobiology."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.09.005","article-title":"Neural crest transcription factor Sox10 is preferentially expressed in triple-negative and metaplastic breast carcinomas","volume":"44","author":"Cimino-Mathews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02557-1","article-title":"SOX10 expression in mammary invasive ductal carcinomas and benign breast tissue","volume":"474","author":"Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2019.152801","article-title":"Combined use of SOX10 and GATA3 in mammary carcinoma","volume":"216","author":"Qazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128212","article-title":"Molecular profiling stratifies diverse phenotypes of treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"129","author":"Labrecque","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33348","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26072","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of androgen receptor and Sox10 as independent markers of the triple-negative breast cancer subtype by transcriptome profiling","volume":"9","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.11.005","article-title":"A combination of GATA3 and SOX10 is useful for the diagnosis of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"85","author":"Tozbikian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.06.007","article-title":"Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular correlation of neural crest transcription factor SOX10 expression in triple-negative breast carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Harbhajanka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001216","article-title":"SOX10, GATA3, GCDFP15, androgen receptor, and mammaglobin for the differential diagnosis between triple-negative breast cancer and TTF1-negative lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Laurent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0010","article-title":"SOX10 is a useful marker for triple negative breast cancer","volume":"144(suppl 2)","author":"Peevey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000076","article-title":"Immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer with respect to estrogen receptor and HER2 status","volume":"23","author":"Gloyeske","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPUFNMEZ3MK1BK","article-title":"NY-BR-1 and PAX8 immunoreactivity in breast, gynecologic tract, and other CK7+ carcinomas: potential use for determining site of origin","volume":"136","author":"Woodard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.08.011","article-title":"Utility of Sox10 labeling in metastatic breast carcinomas","volume":"67","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e3181c18523","article-title":"Metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma presenting as inflammatory breast cancer: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Gingell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e31817d5340","article-title":"Distinguishing breast carcinoma from M\u00fcllerian serous carcinoma with mammaglobin and mesothelin","volume":"27","author":"Kanner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-00692-8","article-title":"TRPS1: a highly sensitive and specific marker for breast carcinoma, especially for triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Ai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181658c14","article-title":"Sox10: a pan-Schwannian and melanocytic marker","volume":"32","author":"Nonaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000398","article-title":"Sox10\u2014a marker for not only Schwannian and melanocytic neoplasms but also myoepithelial cell tumors of soft tissue: a systematic analysis of 5134 tumors","volume":"39","author":"Miettinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0019","first-page":"444","article-title":"Prevalence, morphologic features and proliferation indices of breast carcinoma molecular classes using immunohistochemical surrogate markers","volume":"2","author":"Bhargava","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Path."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206442","article-title":"The importance of having your SOX on: role of SOX10 in the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes and glia","volume":"22","author":"Mollaaghababa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2021-108105","article-title":"SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function","volume":"59","author":"Pingault","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Genet."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20445","article-title":"Sorting out Sox10 functions in neural crest development","volume":"28","author":"Kelsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioessays."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20341","article-title":"Sox10 overexpression induces neural crest-like cells from all dorsoventral levels of the neural tube but inhibits differentiation","volume":"233","author":"McKeown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Dyn."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00573.x","article-title":"Myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast with distant metastasis and accompanied by adenomyoepitheliomas","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Histopathology."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0025","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Coexpression patterns of vimentin and glial filament protein with cytokeratins in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic breast","volume":"137","author":"Gould","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology8030040","article-title":"Aberrant expression of immunohistochemical markers in malignant melanoma: a review","volume":"8","author":"Saliba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatopathology (Basel)."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01600164","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in normal and diseased human breast","volume":"418","author":"Viale","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0028","first-page":"1178223419842181178223419842185","article-title":"SOX10 is a sensitive marker for breast and salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: immunohistochemical characterization of adenoid cystic carcinomas","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer (Auckl)."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20091237","article-title":"Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-binding protein (PBP) is essential for the growth of active Notch4-immortalized mammary epithelial cells by activating SOX10 expression","volume":"425","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45014","article-title":"Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies","volume":"121","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157368","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157368","article-title":"Refinement of triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtypes: implications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy selection","volume":"11","author":"Lehmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0432","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies novel subtypes and targets of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Burstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022110309064974400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001824","article-title":"TRPS1 expression in breast carcinomas: focusing on metaplastic breast carcinomas","volume":"46","author":"Parkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/158\/5\/616\/46713891\/aqac092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/158\/5\/616\/46713891\/aqac092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T09:09:43Z","timestamp":1667466583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/158\/5\/616\/6674532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]}}}