{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:24:48Z","timestamp":1779891888520,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in cases where smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) was diagnosed in surgical lung biopsy specimens from patients with clinical and imaging features of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases were included in this study if patients had clinical and imaging evidence of DPLD and surgical lung biopsy specimens revealed SRIF. A dedicated multidisciplinary conference was held to correlate clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six cases met inclusion criteria; all six (five women\/one man, aged 42-57 years, mean age 47 years) were either current smokers (five of six) or ex-smokers (one of six) and were evaluated for respiratory symptoms and abnormal pulmonary function tests, most commonly reduced forced vital capacity (n = 3) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (n = 6). The most common imaging abnormalities were bilateral ground-glass opacities, which correlated with histopathologic SRIF. Follow-up of up to 10 years showed stable or improved clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and radiologic findings with smoking cessation (three patients) or a decrease in smoking (three patients). No specific treatments were given, and those treated with empiric corticosteroid tapers did not show discernible responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SRIF can present as clinically meaningful diffuse parenchymal lung disease in relatively young heavy smokers, characterized by bilateral ground-glass opacities and a stable clinical course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1670681033000},"page":"146-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis (SRIF) in Patients Presenting With Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Susan J","family":"Vehar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avantika","family":"Nathani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie B","family":"Tolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , 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