{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T10:08:22Z","timestamp":1774778902049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conducting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in emergency departments (EDs) can be an effective approach to testing and reaching populations at highest risk of contracting HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All gonorrhea and chlamydia (G\/C) and HIV tests ordered in the Cleveland Clinic Health System\u2019s 14 EDs were included in the analysis. Data were collected from electronic health records. Descriptive statistics, with medians and means, were computed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, we reviewed ED visits for the purpose of sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening, with an emphasis on G\/C screening. In October 2019, both HIV rapid testing and G\/C testing began across all 14 Cleveland Clinic EDs. The overall rate of co-testing for HIV when obtaining a G\/C test for STI evaluation increased overall to around 30% for our health system EDs, with some individual EDs approaching 60%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The approach the Cleveland Clinic implemented is an effective way to test for HIV in the ED. Local health departments and stakeholders in HIV communities should support and collaborate with EDs in their jurisdictions to accelerate HIV testing initiatives by using an HIV plus G\/C co-testing metric.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T14:46:19Z","timestamp":1675867579000},"page":"225-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emergency Department Co-testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus When Testing for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: A Readily Available, Missed Opportunity for Targeted HIV Testing in Emergency Departments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Michael P","family":"Phelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Services Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinothini","family":"Panakkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Informatics, Cuyahoga County Board of Health , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKinsey","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Services Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Seballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Services Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Kadkhoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Laboratory, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"Ohio Department of Health Web site."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"Ohio Department of Health Web site."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"Ohio Department of Health Web site."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"Ohio Department of Health Web site."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001642","article-title":"Cotesting for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections in the emergency department.","volume":"49","author":"Seballos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117763","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.17763","article-title":"Comparison of HIV screening strategies in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Haukoos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","author":"New diagnoses of HIV infection reported in Cuyahoga County."},{"key":"2023031312253945700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.6587","article-title":"Screening for HIV infection: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"321","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force;","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/159\/3\/225\/49516580\/aqac168.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/159\/3\/225\/49516580\/aqac168.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T01:39:17Z","timestamp":1678844357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/159\/3\/225\/7031289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}