{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:25:58Z","timestamp":1778876758929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013041","name":"Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intimal sarcomas are rare, aggressive neoplasms that arise from large blood vessels. Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment may suggest new treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seventeen specimens from 7 patients were labeled by immunohistochemistry for programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD45, CD8, CD4, FOXP3, CD20, CD68, and LAG3. The immune cell density was scored as a percentage of the tumor area (1+ [&amp;lt;5%], 2+ [5%-50%], 3+ [&amp;gt;50%]); PD-L1 expression was scored on tumor cells and on intratumoral immune cells. Immune marker density was quantified using image analysis software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All intimal sarcomas showed immune cell infiltration (41% were 1+, 53% were 2+, 6% were 3+). Tumor and immune cell PD-L1 labeling was seen in 35% and 76% of cases, respectively; PD-L1+ intimal sarcomas had higher CD45+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD68+, and leukocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3)+ cell densities (P\u2009\u2264\u2009.01). Similarly, PD-L1 expression on immune cells correlated with higher densities of CD8+ and FOXP3+ cells (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.04). Higher LAG3+ cell density correlated with higher CD68+ cell density and necrosis (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). One patient with prolonged survival had the highest immune cell density and PD-L1 expression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data show that intimal sarcomas have an active tumor microenvironment with an adaptive pattern of PD-L1 expression. Our results suggest that immunotherapy may be an effective treatment option.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqad142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T09:52:18Z","timestamp":1699005138000},"page":"256-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immune microenvironment of intimal sarcomas: Adaptive immune resistance with potential therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline E","family":"Birkness-Gartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2069-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwayne L","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Logan L","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lysandra","family":"Voltaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , US"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and the Bloomberg-Kimmel 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