{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:56:30Z","timestamp":1785772590010,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007015","name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008028","name":"School of Medicine and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015537","name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe what is, to our knowledge, the first recognized case of a triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) with a PiMHEC-like phenotype. Pilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (PiMHEC) is a high-grade carcinoma with divergent differentiation resembling cutaneous pilomatrix carcinoma that was recently described in the endometrium and ovary. For reference, pertinent features of PiMHEC include (1) high-grade basaloid to squamoid morphology with the presence of ghost cells; (2) only focal p63 and\/or p40 expression despite a squamoid appearance; (3) CTNNB1 mutation, accompanied by diffusely aberrant \u03b2-catenin expression and LEF1 and\/or CDX2 expression; and (4) loss of site-specific markers (ie, PAX8, ER).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here we report the histologic, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic features of a case of a triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) with a PiMHEC-like phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The tumor developed immediately adjacent to a HER2+, androgen receptor (AR)+, GATA3+ conventional grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with only membranous \u03b2-catenin expression. The PiMHEC-like component had all of the above-noted morphologic and immunophenotypic features of endometrial PiMHEC but with loss of GATA3 and AR rather than PAX8 and ER. Molecular analysis performed on both tumor components demonstrated a shared TP53 point mutation and an exon 3 CTNNB1 mutation restricted to the PiMHEC-like component, implying a clonal relationship with secondary acquisition of CTNNB1. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the HER2+ conventional component had completely resolved, but the PiMHEC-like component had very little response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case demonstrates that a PiMHEC-like phenotype may be seen as a form of TNBC that can develop from conventional IDC, with loss of site-specific biomarkers, acquisition of CTNNB1 mutation, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T22:40:53Z","timestamp":1728686453000},"page":"388-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pilomatrix-like breast carcinoma: A mammary analog of pilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (PiMHEC)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly A","family":"Accola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M","family":"Rehrauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S","family":"Weisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00267.x","article-title":"Pilomatrix carcinomas contain mutations in CTNNB1, the gene encoding beta-catenin","volume":"32","author":"Lazar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13113","article-title":"CDX2 and LEF-1 expression in pilomatrical tumors and their utility in the diagnosis of pilomatrical carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Tumminello","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000775","article-title":"FIGO grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with diffusely aberrant beta-catenin expression: an aggressive subset resembling cutaneous pilomatrix carcinomas","volume":"41","author":"Weisman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0004","first-page":"67","article-title":"An expanded series of pilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (PiMHEC), including both MMR deficient and MMR proficient cases","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000859","article-title":"Pilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma is a morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct entity and may show mismatch repair deficiency","volume":"42","author":"Arciuolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123146","article-title":"Pilomatrix-like high-grade endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary: case report, literature review, and differential diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Santoro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000583","article-title":"Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical correlates of CTNNB1 mutated endometrial endometrioid carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Costigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol."},{"issue":"7418","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11412","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours","volume":"490","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"7605","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17676","article-title":"Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences","volume":"534","author":"Nik-Zainal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.141","article-title":"beta-catenin\/Wnt signalling pathway in fibromatosis, metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumours of the breast","volume":"23","author":"Lacroix-Triki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4038","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4379","article-title":"Genetic changes of Wnt pathway genes are common events in metaplastic carcinomas of the breast","volume":"14","author":"Hayes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002213","article-title":"TRPS1 is a highly sensitive marker for breast cancer: a tissue microarray study evaluating more than 19,000 tumors from 152 different tumor entities","volume":"48","author":"Lennartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2025031001323997800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.11.012","article-title":"TRPS1 expression in primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma, and breast carcinoma: is TRPS1 truly specific and sensitive for a breast primary","volume":"143","author":"Bachert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/163\/3\/388\/60678175\/aqae132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/163\/3\/388\/60678175\/aqae132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T01:32:49Z","timestamp":1741570369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/163\/3\/388\/7818980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae132","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]}}}