{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1788267797950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to investigate career pathways into the medical laboratory workforce by examining medical laboratory scientists, medical laboratory technicians, histotechnologists, histotechnicians, cytologists, and phlebotomists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data through an anonymous online survey (May-June 2023) from a convenience sample of medical laboratory professionals in the United States (N = 1243). We performed descriptive analyses of demographics, current employment characteristics, educational and training history, career exposures, motivations, movement, and outlook (eg, job satisfaction, future career plans).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings show a diverse range of educational backgrounds and varying career pathways across occupations. A majority of respondents reported hearing about laboratory occupations from friends, family, co-workers, and acquaintances. At least one-third to nearly one-half of respondents had a family member with broader professional health care experience. Respondents viewed their jobs favorably, with at least 75% of respondents answering that they would recommend their occupation or another laboratory occupation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found overall positive job experiences and satisfaction, but career pathways into medical laboratory occupations are complex and often unclear. Organizations in the field are undertaking promotional efforts to increase the visibility of these occupations. Future research is needed to monitor and evaluate these efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T15:29:32Z","timestamp":1729524572000},"page":"545-580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Career pathways into the medical laboratory workforce: Education, exposures, and motivations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace A","family":"Guenther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Workforce Studies, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahida F","family":"Shahrir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Workforce Studies, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Skillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Workforce Studies, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Society for Clinical Pathology Institute for Science, Technology, and Policy , Washington, DC ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Society for Clinical Pathology Institute for Science, Technology, and Policy , Washington, DC ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca K","family":"Frogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Workforce Studies, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["US"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042102164621000_CIT0001","volume-title":"The Clinical Laboratory Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to the COVID-19 Emergency","author":"Oster","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025042102164621000_CIT0002","author":"The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025042102164621000_CIT0003","author":"ASCP Board of Certification; 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