{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:25:06Z","timestamp":1790443506878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqx138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T19:12:02Z","timestamp":1507230722000},"page":"105-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Newly Emerging Drugs of Abuse and Their Detection Methods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Venkataramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline A","family":"Rymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony F","family":"Pizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Tamama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1","article-title":"Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2010-2015","volume":"65","author":"Rudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0002","author":"US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0003","volume-title":"2016 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary","author":"US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0004","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse (part 2)","volume":"20","author":"Kaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0005","author":"The Drug Enforcement Administration\u2019s (DEA) Special Testing and Research Laboratory\u2019s Emerging Trends Program"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0193-z","article-title":"The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones","volume":"8","author":"Prosser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0007","first-page":"3460849","article-title":"Flakka-induced prolonged psychosis","volume":"2016","author":"Crespi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.262","article-title":"Sudden death after sustained restraint following self-administration of the designer drug \u03b1-pyrrolidinovalerophenone","volume":"172","author":"Nagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.847187","article-title":"Toxicity and death following recreational use of 2-pyrrolidino valerophenone","volume":"51","author":"Eiden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-016-0309-x","article-title":"New psychoactive substance \u03b1-PVP in a traffic accident case","volume":"34","author":"Rojek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.07.038","article-title":"Synthetic stimulant reaching epidemic proportions: flakka-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction with intracardiac thrombi","volume":"31","author":"Cherry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.268","article-title":"The emergence and analysis of synthetic cannabinoids","volume":"3","author":"Hudson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1558","article-title":"Spice\u201d and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs","volume":"44","author":"Auw\u00e4rter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.57.439","article-title":"Identification of a cannabinoid analog as a new type of designer drug in a herbal product","volume":"57","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications","volume":"144","author":"Castaneto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021917","article-title":"Phase I hydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 retain in vitro and in vivo cannabinoid 1 receptor affinity and activity","volume":"6","author":"Brents","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv091","article-title":"Concentrations of AB-CHMINACA and AB-PINACA and driving behavior in suspected impaired driving cases","volume":"39","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1505328","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths","volume":"373","author":"Trecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1615145","article-title":"Addressing the fentanyl threat to public health","volume":"376","author":"Frank","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.033","article-title":"A review: fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls","volume":"171","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.15585\/mm6604a4","article-title":"Multiple fentanyl overdoses\u2014New Haven, Connecticut, June 23, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Tomassoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6614a2","article-title":"Characteristics of fentanyl overdose\u2014Massachusetts, 2014-2016","volume":"66","author":"Somerville","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx015","article-title":"Increase in drug overdose deaths involving Fentanyl\u2014Rhode Island, January 2012-March 2014","author":"Mercado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0024","first-page":"158P","article-title":"Proceedings: anti-nociceptive effects in N-substituted cyclohexylmethylbenzamides","volume":"49","author":"Brittain","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00257a012","article-title":"1-(3,4-dichlorobenzamidomethyl)cyclohexyldimethylamine and related compounds as potential analgesics","volume":"17","author":"Harper","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0026","author":"Harper"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.05.001","article-title":"A case of acute intoxication due to combined use of fentanyl and 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700)","volume":"266","author":"Coopman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-013-0182-9","article-title":"Two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, QUPIC and QUCHIC, two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, ADB-FUBINACA and ADBICA, and five synthetic cannabinoids detected with a thiophene derivative \u03b1-PVT and an opioid receptor agonist AH-7921 identified in illegal products","volume":"31","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku011","article-title":"A fatality involving AH-7921","volume":"38","author":"Vorce","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1984","article-title":"The first reported fatality associated with the synthetic opioid 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700) and implications for forensic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Elliott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9795-8","article-title":"Comparing fatal cases involving U-47700","volume":"12","author":"Ruan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.05.004","article-title":"Traditional and non-traditional uses of mitragynine (kratom): a survey of the literature","volume":"126","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701525368","article-title":"Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal with a dietary supplement, kratom","volume":"16","author":"Boyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968786","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/968786","article-title":"Following \u201cthe roots\u201d of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): the evolution of an enhancer from a traditional use to increase work and productivity in Southeast Asia to a recreational psychoactive drug in western countries","volume":"2015","author":"Cinosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00714-8","article-title":"Urine drug screening in the medical setting","volume":"315","author":"Hammett-Stabler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.07.2035","article-title":"Urine toxicology testing in chronic pain management","volume":"121","author":"Cone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/123","article-title":"Urine drug testing in chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Christo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks003","article-title":"A new highly specific buprenorphine immunoassay for monitoring buprenorphine compliance and abuse","volume":"36","author":"Melanson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80526-V","article-title":"Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"580","author":"Maurer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2016.07.001","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: an emerging technology in the toxicology laboratory","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2012.713108","article-title":"Role of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR\/MS) in clinical toxicology","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPW0TA8OBBNGCK","article-title":"Current and future applications of mass spectrometry to the clinical laboratory","volume":"136","author":"Strathmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku133","article-title":"Determination of designer drug cross-reactivity on five commercial immunoassay screening kits","volume":"39","author":"Regester","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1371","article-title":"False-positive phencyclidine immunoassay results caused by 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)","volume":"5","author":"Macher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"issue":"(10 suppl)","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0045","first-page":"A131","article-title":"Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based qualitative \u201cbath salts\u201d assay in urine [abstract]","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1859","article-title":"Studies on the metabolism of the \u03b1-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by gc-ms","volume":"45","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.590812","article-title":"Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of \u201cbath salts\u201d and \u201clegal highs\u201d (synthetic cathinones) in the united states","volume":"49","author":"Spiller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.03.034","article-title":"Chromatography-mass spectrometry studies on the metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073, psychoactive components of smoking mixtures","volume":"879","author":"Grigoryev","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2005636","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of JWH-018 and JWH-073 metabolites excreted in human urine","volume":"83","author":"Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.04.003","article-title":"Detection of JWH-018 metabolites in smoking mixture post-administration urine","volume":"200","author":"Sobolevsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.7.386","article-title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-019, and JWH-250 in human whole blood","volume":"35","author":"Kacinko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1209763","article-title":"Two cases of intoxication with new synthetic opioid, U-47700","volume":"55","author":"Domanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4464-3","article-title":"Monitoring of kratom or krypton intake in urine using GC-MS in clinical and forensic toxicology","volume":"400","author":"Philipp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks049","article-title":"Detection and quantification of new designer drugs in human blood: part 2, designer cathinones","volume":"36","author":"Ammann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5678-8","article-title":"Generation of metabolites by an automated online metabolism method using human liver microsomes with subsequent identification by LC-MS(n), and metabolism of 11 cathinones","volume":"402","author":"Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0056","first-page":"709","article-title":"Analysis of novel synthetic opioids U-47700, U-50488 and furanyl fentanyl by LC-MS\/MS in postmortem casework","volume":"40","author":"Mohr","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4036197","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of acetyl fentanyl and acetyl norfentanyl in human urine by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"86","author":"Patton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0058","first-page":"173","article-title":"Analysis of U-47700, a novel synthetic opioid, in human urine by LC-MS-MS and LC-qtof","volume":"41","author":"Fleming","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180129114654_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1382760","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and mitraphylline","volume":"80","author":"Manda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/149\/2\/105\/23688626\/aqx138.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T01:03:22Z","timestamp":1659575002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/149\/2\/105\/4829303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqx138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}}}