{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:54:43Z","timestamp":1758862483738},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqy017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1521778247000},"page":"522-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Test Cost and Test Accuracy in Clinical Laboratories in Kampala, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Timothy K","family":"Amukele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Clinical Core Laboratory at Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University\u2013Johns Hopkins University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Elbireer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Clinical Core Laboratory at Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University\u2013Johns Hopkins University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"African Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM), Addis, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617189","article-title":"The reliability of laboratory tests","volume":"12","author":"Bauer","year":"1969","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-014-0378-1","article-title":"RESAOLAB: West African network of laboratories to enhance the quality of clinical biology","volume":"108","author":"Delorme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPQ5KTKAGSSCFN","article-title":"Medical laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa that meet international quality standards","volume":"141","author":"Schroeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064661","article-title":"The good, the bad, and the unknown: quality of clinical laboratories in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Elbireer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-38","article-title":"Improving the accuracy of malaria-related laboratory tests in Ghana","volume":"3","author":"Bates","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191A","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.091876","article-title":"External quality assessment of national public health laboratories in Africa, 2002-2009","volume":"90","author":"Frean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP8PCM4JVLEEQR","article-title":"External quality assurance performance of clinical research laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"138","author":"Amukele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPTUUC2V1WJQBM","article-title":"The World Health Organization African region laboratory accreditation process: improving the quality of laboratory systems in the African region","volume":"134","author":"Gershy-Damet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPCYA54DWZQPQT","article-title":"Most clinical laboratory testing in Kampala occurs in high-volume, high-quality laboratories or low-volume, low-quality laboratories: a tale of two cities","volume":"143","author":"Amukele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134578","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostics market in East Africa: a survey of test types, test availability, and test prices in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"10","author":"Schroeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/17.11.853","article-title":"A survey of the accuracy of chemical analyses in clinical laboratories","volume":"17","author":"Belk","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.6.435","article-title":"A comparative survey of the results of analyses of blood serum in clinical chemistry laboratories in the United Kingdom","volume":"26","author":"Whitehead","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005482","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005482","article-title":"Variation in charges for 10 common blood tests in California hospitals: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hsia","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.6.3.240","article-title":"Competitive price and quality under asymmetric information","volume":"6","author":"Tellis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mark Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/1251446","article-title":"Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence","volume":"52","author":"Zeithaml","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Mark"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/3172907","article-title":"The effect of price, brand name, and store name on buyers\u2019 perceptions of product quality: an integrative review","volume":"26","author":"Rao","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/499363","article-title":"Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care","volume":"42","author":"Petti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP8PCM4JVLEEQR","article-title":"External quality assurance performance of clinical research laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"138","author":"Amukele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v3i2.214","article-title":"Building local human resources to implement SLMTA with limited donor funding: the Ghana experience","volume":"3","author":"Nkrumah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.7.1205","article-title":"The history of proficiency testing\/quality control","volume":"38","author":"Sunderman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0021","first-page":"32","article-title":"Twenty-years of experiences in external quality assurance in Korea","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0022","first-page":"665","article-title":"Characterization and classification of external quality assessment schemes (EQA) according to objectives such as evaluation of method and participant bias and standard deviation. External Quality Assessment (EQA) Working Group A on Analytical Goals in Laboratory Medicine","volume":"34","author":"Libeer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0023","first-page":"121","article-title":"The external quality assessment schemes in Thailand","volume":"50","author":"Opartkiattikul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91637-3","article-title":"External quality assessment of clinical laboratories","volume":"319","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2003.12.033","article-title":"Has compliance with CLIA requirements really improved quality in US clinical laboratories","volume":"346","author":"Ehrmeyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0026","first-page":"319","article-title":"The influence of CLIA \u201988 on physician office laboratories","volume":"46","author":"Born","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1309\/LMCZ0ZFR80QWIBEM","article-title":"Cost of quality at a clinical laboratory in a resource-limited country","volume":"41","author":"Elbireer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180425054450_CIT0028","article-title":"How to estimate the cost of point-of-care CD4 testing in program settings: an example using the Alere PimaTM Analyzer in South Africa","volume":"7:e35444","author":"Larson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article-pdf\/149\/6\/522\/24725267\/aqy017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:45:24Z","timestamp":1604018724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/149\/6\/522\/4962407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqy017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9173","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]}}}