{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:30:58Z","timestamp":1792099858249,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas are heterogeneous neoplasms characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation. Their prognoses are dependent on tumor type, therefore different classifications have been developed. Moreover, other tumors have overlapping pathologic features posing a range of diagnostic possibilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review of the literature was performed to comprehensively understand the classification and diagnosis of these tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We review the past and present classification systems, with emphasis to the latest 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. We highlight salient clinicopathologic features and discuss the presumptive etiologic role of human papilloma virus. We share a practical algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of suspected neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx including a novel marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, insulinoma-associated protein 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate diagnosis and grading of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas is critical for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. The use of an algorithm is instrumental in assuring the exclusion of mimickers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqz106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T19:13:34Z","timestamp":1560885214000},"page":"686-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Update on Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Larynx"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Strosberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfio","family":"Ferlito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asterios","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R","family":"Gnepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin A","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hellquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Centre, Campus Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Primoz","family":"Strojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan M","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Stenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C","family":"Hernandez-Prera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019110501060884200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198511000-00001","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx: a study of two types, one of which mimics thyroid medullary carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Woodruff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"2019110501060884200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199106000-00003","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with proposed criteria for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: an ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study of 35 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