{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:29:00Z","timestamp":1791833340860,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The authors conducted a population-based historical cohort study in the Canadian province of Quebec to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with vacuum extraction and forceps deliveries. The study database contains information on 305,391 mother-infant dyads (linked by a common institutional code and hospital chart number) for singleton live vaginal births with a nonbreech presentation at the gestational age of 37 or more completed weeks and a birth weight between 2,500 and 4,000 g during fiscal years 1991\/1992 to 1995\/1996. Of the births, 31,015 were delivered by vacuum extraction, and 18,727 were delivered by forceps. Compared with delivery by forceps, the adjusted risk ratios for third-\/fourth-degree perineal laceration, intracranial hemorrhage, subdural or cerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cephalhematoma, and neonatal in-hospital death were 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.45, 0.50), 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 2.25), 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.93), 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.16, 5.97), 5.44 (confidence interval: 1.26, 23.43), 2.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.89, 2.16), and 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.32, 2.70), respectively. The authors conclude that vacuum extraction causes less maternal trauma but may increase the risk of cephalhematoma and certain types of intracranial hemorrhage (e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.2.103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T23:02:40Z","timestamp":1027724560000},"page":"103-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Comparison of Maternal and Infant Outcomes between Vacuum Extraction and Forceps Deliveries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Shi Wu","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Marcoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reg","family":"Sauv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Liston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100810175277200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anonymous. Vacuum versus forceps. (Editorial). Lancet\n\u00a01984;1:144.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90071-0"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B2","unstructured":"Lomas J, Enkin M. Variations in operative delivery rates. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds. Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Vol. II. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1991:1182\u201395."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B3","unstructured":"Johanson RB. Vacuum extraction vs. forceps delivery. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Library: pregnancy and childbirth database, 2000, Disk Issue I."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanson RB, Rice C, Doyle M, et al. A randomized prospective study comparing the new vacuum extractor policy with forceps delivery. Br J Obstet Gynecol\n\u00a01993;100:524\u201330.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15301.x"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B5","unstructured":"Office of Surveillance and Biometrics. FDA public health advisory: need for caution when using vacuum assisted delivery devices. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 1998."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B6","unstructured":"Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. International classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification. Ann Arbor, MI: Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, 1992."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B7","unstructured":"Canadian classification of diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada, 1986."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B8","unstructured":"Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health. Perinatal health report. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Health Canada, 2000."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B9","unstructured":"Dell DL, Slightler SE, Plauche WC. Soft cup vacuum extraction: a comparison of outlet delivery. Obstet Gynecol\n\u00a01985;66:624\u20138."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B10","unstructured":"Vacca A, Keirse MJNC. Instrumental vaginal delivery. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds. Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Vol. II. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1991:1216\u201333."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Towner D, Castro MA, Eby-Wilkens E, et al. Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury. N Engl J Med\n\u00a01999;341:1709\u201314.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412301"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posen R, Chan PT, deLemos RA. Subgaleal hemorrhage in a premature infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia following vacuum-assisted delivery. J Mater Fetal Med\n\u00a01998;7:132\u20136.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199805\/06)7:3<132::AID-MFM6>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vacca A. Birth by vacuum extraction: neonatal outcome. J Paediatr Child Health\n\u00a01996;32:204\u20136.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1996.tb01553.x"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chadwick LM, Pemberton PJ, Kurinczuk JJ. Neonatal subgaleal haematoma: associated risk factors, complications and outcome. J Paediatr Child Health\n\u00a01996;32:228\u201332.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1996.tb01559.x"},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B15","unstructured":"Huston P, Naylor CD. Health services research: reporting on studies using secondary data sources. CMAJ\n\u00a01996;155:1697\u2013709."},{"key":"2024100810175277200_B16","unstructured":"Williams JI, Young W. A summary of studies on the quality of health care administrative databases in Canada (appendix). In: Goel V, Williams JI, Anderson GM, eds. Patterns of health care in Ontario. The ICES practice atlas. 2nd ed. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Medical Association; 1996:339\u201345."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/153\/2\/103\/59637304\/aje_153_2_103.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/153\/2\/103\/59637304\/aje_153_2_103.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T16:21:06Z","timestamp":1728404466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/153\/2\/103\/118370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/153.2.103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-6256","0002-9262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,15]]}}}