{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:05:02Z","timestamp":1766178302725},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite a vaccination coverage rate of 97%, several poliomyelitis outbreaks occurred in the Netherlands during the last three decades, all among sociogeographically clustered, unvaccinated persons. Therefore, to eradicate polio, insight into poliomyelitis immunity is particularly useful. In 1995\u20131996, the authors conducted a population-based study and determined neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in 9,274 sera from the general population and from religious groups rejecting vaccination. In the general population, the antibody prevalence (\u22651:8) was 96.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.9, 97.2), 93.4% (95% CI: 92.3, 94.5), and 89.7% (95% CI: 88.3, 91.0) for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Antibodies persisted for long periods in persons with natural immunity as well as in persons whose immunity was induced by inactivated polio vaccine. In Orthodox Reformed persons, the antibody prevalence of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 was 65.0% (95% CI: 57.2, 72.9), 59.0% (95% CI: 40.1, 77.9), and 68.7% (95% CI: 65.2, 72.2), respectively. The recent outbreaks clearly affected the seroprevalence profiles of Orthodox Reformed groups but not the general population. At present, there is an insufficient social and political basis for mandatory vaccination; therefore, global eradication of poliovirus seems to be the only way to protect these Orthodox Reformed persons against future poliomyelitis outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.3.207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T23:02:40Z","timestamp":1027724560000},"page":"207-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Immunity to Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Marina A. E.","family":"Conyn-van Spaendonck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hester E.","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frithjofna","family":"Abbink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazrin","family":"Elzinga-Gholizadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd G.","family":"Kimman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100810175847600_B1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. In: Forty-first World Health Assembly: resolutions and decisions, WHA41\/1988\/REC\/1, resolution WHA41.28. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1988:26\u20138."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B2","unstructured":"Tangermann RH, Aylward B, Birmingham M, et al. Current status of the global eradication of poliomyelitis. World Health Stat Q\n\u00a01997;50:188\u201394."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B3","unstructured":"Progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication\u20141997\u20131998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep\n\u00a01999;48:416\u201321."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B4","unstructured":"van Loon AM, R\u00fcmke HC, Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE. Polio eradication in the Netherlands: a proposal for surveillance. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 1998. (RijksInstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) report no. 242500003)."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mensi C, Pregliasco F. Poliomyelitis: present epidemiological situation and vaccination problems. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol\n\u00a01998;5:278\u201380.","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.3.278-280.1998"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Melker HE, Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE. Immunosur-veillance and the evaluation of national immunisation programmes: a population-based approach. Epidemiol Infect\n\u00a01998;121:637\u201343.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001587"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijkerk H. Surveillance and control of poliomyelitis in the Netherlands. Rev Infect Dis\n\u00a01984;6:S451\u20136.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.Supplement_2.S451"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbrugge HP. The national immunization program of the Netherlands. Pediatrics\n\u00a01990;86:S1060\u20133.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.6.1060"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B9","unstructured":"Isolation of wild poliovirus type 3 among members of a religious community objecting to vaccination\u2014Alberta, Canada, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep\n\u00a01993;42:337\u20139."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B10","unstructured":"Schaap GJP, Bijkerk H, Coutinho RA, et al. The spread of wild poliovirus in the well-vaccinated Netherlands in connection with the 1978 epidemic. Prog Med Virol\n\u00a01984;29:124\u201340."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oostvogel PM, van Wijngaarden JK, van der Avoort HGAM, et al. Poliomyelitis outbreak in an unvaccinated community in the Netherlands, 1992\u201393. Lancet\n\u00a01994;344:665\u201370.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92091-5"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B12","unstructured":"Geubbels ELPE, Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE, van Loon AM. Poliomyelitis vaccinatie in Nederland. In: Gunning-Schepers LJ, Jansen J, eds. Volksgezondheid toekomst verkenning 1997. IV. Effecten van preventie. (In Dutch). Maarssen, the Netherlands: Elsevier\/De Tijdstroom, 1997:79\u201387."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Melker HE, van den Hof SH, Berbers GAM, et al. A population-based study on tetanus immunity in the Netherlands. Vaccine\n\u00a01999;18:100\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00186-3"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albrecht P, van Steenis G, van Wezel AL, et al. Standard-ization of poliovirus neutralising antibody tests. Rev Infect Dis\n\u00a01984;6:S540\u20136.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/6.Supplement_2.S540"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B15","unstructured":"Cochran WG. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1977."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B16","unstructured":"Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE, Hannik CA, Bijkerk H, et al. Immune status for poliomyelitis, rubella and morbilli in the Dutch population of 10 years and older in 1980: a serological survey. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd\n\u00a01984;128:1884\u20137."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00fcmke HC, Oostvogel PM, van Steenis G, et al. Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands: a review of population immunity and exposure between the epidemics in 1978 and 1992. Epidemiol Infect\n\u00a01995;115:289\u201398.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058416"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE, Oostvogel PM, van Loon AM, et al. Circulation of poliovirus during the poliomyelitis outbreak in the Netherlands in 1992\u20131993. Am J Epidemiol\n\u00a01996;143:929\u201335.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008836"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B19","unstructured":"van Loon AM. Circulation of polioviruses in the Netherlands. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1998. (Publication no. WHO\/EPI\/POLIO\/SIM.98\/WP3.4)."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ttiger M. Polio immunity to killed vaccine: an 18-year follow-up. Vaccine\n\u00a01990;8:443\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(90)90244-G"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B21","unstructured":"Health Council of the Netherlands. Committee Poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis. The Hague, the Netherlands: Health Council of the Netherlands, 1995. (Publication no. 1995\/19)."},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Avoort HG, Reimerink JH, Ras A, et al. Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992\u20131993 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands. Epidemiol Infect\n\u00a01995;114:481\u201391.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800052195"},{"key":"2024100810175847600_B23","unstructured":"Dane\u0161 L, Sladk\u00e1 E, Hancil J, et al. 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