{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:03:20Z","timestamp":1792602200325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The hypothesis that exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases the risk of developing cancer during childhood was investigated. The authors enrolled 1,989 children reported to the Danish Cancer Registry with a diagnosis of leukemia, tumor of the central nervous system, or malignant lymphoma during 1968\u20131991 and 5,506 control children selected at random from the entire childhood population. The residential histories of the children were traced from 9 months before birth until the time of diagnosis of the cases and a similar period for the controls. For each of the 18,440 identified addresses, information on traffic and the configuration of streets and buildings was collected. Average concentrations of benzene and nitrogen dioxide (indicators of traffic-related air pollution) were calculated for the relevant period, and exposures to air pollution during pregnancy and during childhood were calculated separately. The risks of leukemia, central nervous system tumors, and all selected cancers combined were not linked to exposure to benzene or nitrogen dioxide during either period. The risk of lymphomas increased by 25% (p for trend = 0.06) and 51% (p for trend = 0.05) for a doubling of the concentration of benzene and nitrogen dioxide, respectively, during the pregnancy. The association was restricted to Hodgkin's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.5.433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:02:40Z","timestamp":1027710160000},"page":"433-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Air Pollution from Traffic at the Residence of Children with Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Ole","family":"Raaschou-Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birthe L.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100810183118900_B1","unstructured":"Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum\n\u00a01989;46:1\u2013458."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savitz DA, Feingold L. Association of childhood cancer with residential traffic density. Scand J Work Environ Health\n\u00a01989;15:360\u20133.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1848"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feychting M, Svensson D, Ahlbom A. Exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and childhood cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health\n\u00a01998;24:8\u201311.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.272"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison RM, Leung PL, Somervaille L, et al. Analysis of incidence of childhood cancer in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom in relation to proximity to main roads and petrol stations. Occup Environ Med\n\u00a01999;56:774\u201380.","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.11.774"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B5","unstructured":"Storm HH, Michelsen EV, Clemmensen IH, et al. The Danish Cancer Registry--history, content, quality and use. Dan Med Bull\n\u00a01997;44:549\u201353."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B6","unstructured":"Hertel O, Berkowicz R. Modelling pollution from traffic in a street canyon. Evaluation of data and model development. Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1989. (NERI technical report no. A-129)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B7","unstructured":"Hertel O, Berkowicz R. Modelling NO2 concentrations in a street canyon. Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1989. (NERI technical report no. A-131)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B8","unstructured":"Berkowicz R, Hertel O, S\u00f8rensen NN, et al. Modelling air pollution from traffic in urban areas. In: Perkins RJ, et al, eds. Flow and dispersion through groups of obstacles. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1997:121\u201342."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B9","unstructured":"Berkowicz R, Hertel O, Larsen S, et al. Modelling traffic pollution in streets. Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1997. (NERI-ATMI technical report)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B10","unstructured":"Jensen SS. Standardised traffic inputs for the operational street pollution model (OSPM). Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1997. (NERI technical report no. 197)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raaschou-Nielsen O, Hertel O, Vignati E, et al. An air pollution model for use in epidemiological studies: evaluation with measured levels of nitrogen dioxide and benzene. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol\n\u00a02000;10:4\u201314.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500070"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B12","unstructured":"Vignati E, Hertel O, Berkowicz R, et al. Generation of input parameters for OSPM calculations. Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1997. (NERI technical report no. 188)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B13","unstructured":"Jensen SS. Background concentrations for use in the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). Roskilde, Denmark: National Environmental Research Institute, 1998. (NERI technical report no. 234)."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen JH, Neilsen A, Schulgen G. Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children. BMJ\n\u00a01993;307:891\u20135.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6909.891"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prentice RL, Breslow NE. Retrospective studies and failure time models. Biometrika\n\u00a01978;65:153\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/65.1.153"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B16","unstructured":"SAS Institute, Inc. SAS\/STAT software: changes and enhancements through release 6.11. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc, 1996:809\u201384."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raaschou-Nielsen O, Skov H, Lohse C, et al. Front-door concentrations and personal exposure of Danish children to nitrogen dioxide. Environ Health Perspect\n\u00a01997;105:964\u201370.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105964"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secher NJ, Hansen PK, Thomsen BL, et al. Growth retardation in preterm infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol\n\u00a01987;94:115\u201320.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02336.x"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall JR, Priore R, Graham S, et al. On the distortion of risk estimates in multiple exposure level case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol\n\u00a01981;113:464\u201373.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113114"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B20","unstructured":"Clayton D. Models for the longitudinal analysis of cohort and case-control studies with inaccurately measured exposures. In: Dwyer JH, Feinleib M, Lippert P, et al, eds. Statistical models for longitudinal studies of health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1992."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B21","unstructured":"Carroll RJ. Measurement error in epidemiologic studies. In: Armitage P, Colton T, eds. Encyclopedia of biostatistics. Vol 3. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1998:2491\u2013519."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prentice RL. Covariate measurement errors and parameter estimation in a failure time regression model. Biometrika\n\u00a01982;69:331\u201342.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/69.2.331"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steenland K, Deddens JA, Shuhong Z. Biases in estimating the effect of cumulative exposure in log-linear models when estimated exposure levels are assigned. Scand J Work Environ Health\n\u00a02000;26:37\u201343.","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.508"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raaschou-Nielsen O, Lohse C, Thomsen BL, et al. Ambient air levels and exposure of children to benzene, toluene and xylenes in Denmark. Environ Res\n\u00a01997;75:149\u201359.","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1997.3792"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace LA. Major sources of benzene exposure. Environ Health Perspect\n\u00a01989;82:165\u20139.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8982165"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B26","unstructured":"Little J, ed. Epidemiology of childhood cancer. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutensohn NM, Shapiro DS. Social class risk factors among children with Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer\n\u00a01982;30:433\u20135.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910300409"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westergaard T, Melbye M, Pedersen JB, et al. Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: a population-based study of 31 million person-years. Int J Cancer\n\u00a01997;72:977\u201381.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970917)72:6<977::AID-IJC10>3.3.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarret AF, Armstrong AA, Alexander E. Epidemiology of EBV and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Oncol\n\u00a01996;7:S5\u201310.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/7.suppl_4.S5"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaser SL, Jarrett RF. The epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. Baillieres Clin Haematol\n\u00a01996;9:401\u201316.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(96)80018-7"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeil C. HIV infection with Hodgkin's disease: the virus makes a difference. J Natl Cancer Inst\n\u00a01997;89:754\u20135.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.11.754"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiller CA. What causes Hodgkin's disease in children? Eur J Cancer\n\u00a01998;34:523\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(97)10096-X"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B33","unstructured":"Thielebeule U, Pelech L. Epidemiological studies regarding the effects of air pollution. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol\n\u00a01985;4:353\u201362."},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiller-Winkler R, Kr\u00e4mer U, Fiedler E, et al. C3c concentrations in sera of persons living in areas with different levels of air pollution in Northrhine-Westphalia (Federal Republic of Germany). Environ Res\n\u00a01989;49:7\u201319.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80018-0"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiller-Winkler R, Idel H, Leng G, et al. Influence of air pollution on humoral immune response. J Clin Epidemiol\n\u00a01996;49:527\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00579-X"},{"key":"2024100810183118900_B36","unstructured":"Wagnerov\u00e1 M, Wagner V, Kr'z J, et al. The influence of countryside school environment on the levels of immunoglobulins and blood proteins in school children. Czech Med\n\u00a01985;8:173\u20139."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/153\/5\/433\/59637578\/aje_153_5_433.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/153\/5\/433\/59637578\/aje_153_5_433.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T11:53:18Z","timestamp":1728388398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/153\/5\/433\/149723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/153.5.433","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-6256","0002-9262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]}}}