{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T01:23:57Z","timestamp":1778981037614,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Juho Vainio Foundation, Finland"},{"name":"Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, Finland"},{"name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Asthma has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood, but the reasons are unclear. We examined whether the use of antiasthmatic drugs was associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in childhood in a nationwide, register-based case-cohort study. We identified all children who were born January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2008, in Finland and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by 2010 (n\u00a0=\u00a03,342). A 10% random sample from each birth-year cohort was selected as a reference cohort (n\u00a0=\u00a080,909). Information on all dispensed antiasthmatic drugs (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system code R03) during 1995\u20132009 was obtained, and associations between the use of antiasthmatic drugs and the development of type 1 diabetes were investigated using time-dependent and time-sequential Cox regression models. Dispensed inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled \u03b2-agonists were associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes after adjusting for other antiasthmatic drugs, asthma, sex, and birth decade (hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.52, and hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.41, respectively). These findings suggest that children using inhaled corticosteroids or inhaled \u03b2-agonists might be at increased risk of type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T20:09:27Z","timestamp":1579291767000},"page":"779-787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of Antiasthmatic Drugs and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Nationwide Case-Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Mets\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamari","family":"Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauri J","family":"Virta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Social Insurance Institution, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Kaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvi M","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Nevalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2020080605404454700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.9.2568","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the association between childhood type 1 diabetes and atopic 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